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- Description:
- A view of Makala's wide main street, standing at the west edge of town, looking eastward. A mango tree grows in the street at the far end of the street. Atakpame (coursed earthen-walled) houses with thatched roofs line the street. The streets and areas around houses are kept clear of plants. Enoch Mensah (left) and Andy Black (right) stroll down the street after a day of work at Makala Kataa, the archaeological site located immediately west of Makala. Wide main streets like this one were was established in the 1920s when a British colonial District Officer implemented a "village planning" scheme. New villages were laid out next to existing settlements, and old villages abandoned as people relocated. The new villages were laid out on a grid pattern oriented by a wide main street. Archaeological excavations (1989, 1990 and 1994) at the old village site (Makala Kataa) have revealed much about daily life of Banda villagers in the late 18th and 19th centuries. See below for a link to a the 1902 Gold Coast Colony Ordinance that prompted these relocations: "Rules with Respect to Regulation of Towns and Villages." Makala, June-July, 1990. Makala, June-July, 1990.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17438 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16741
- Location(s) Facet:
- Makala
- Subjects:
- Atakpame; Relocation; Mango tree; Vegetation
- Subjects Facet:
- Thatched roofs; Villages; Excavations (Archaeology); Housing; Building, Clay; Streets
- Identifier:
- 27
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1990
- Date searchable:
- 1990-06/07
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Makala;8.142462, -2.381817
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.142462, -2.381817
- Description:
- Makala as viewed from the southwest edge of town, looking northwest. A metal-roofed atakpame (coursed earthen-walled) courtyard house is in the foreground, with thatched-roof buildings visible beyond. The Banda hills rise in the background. Paths cut through the plants that grow up to village's edge. Makala, June-July, 1990.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Makala
- Subjects:
- Atakpame; Vegetation
- Subjects Facet:
- Courtyard houses; Thatched roofs; Masonry; Metal roofing; Housing; Building, Clay; Villages
- Identifier:
- 2
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1990
- Date searchable:
- 1990-06/07
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Makala;8.142515, -2.382644
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.142515, -2.382644
- Description:
- A view of houses along the north side of Makala's wide main street, looking northwest toward the Banda hills. Visible are atakpame (coursed earthen-walled) houses with thatched roofs. The exterior walls of some buildings are plastered. The streets and areas around houses are kept clear of plants. Makala, June-July, 1990.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Makala
- Subjects:
- Atakpame; Vegetation
- Subjects Facet:
- Thatched roofs; Villages; Streets; Building, Clay
- Identifier:
- 29
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1990
- Date searchable:
- 1990-06/07
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Makala;8.142462, -2.381817
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.142462, -2.381817
- Description:
- A teacher at the Junior Secondary School, located on the south side of Ahenkro, teaches an English language lesson. Ahenkro, July, 1986.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17160
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ahenkro
- Subjects:
- Teacher; Education
- Subjects Facet:
- Schools
- Identifier:
- 0
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1986
- Date searchable:
- 1986-07/08
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Ahenkro;8.161810, -2.359203
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.161810, -2.359203
- Description:
- A courtyard house on the north side of Makala's main street. The atakpame (coursed earth) walls of the street-facing porch are plastered. The house compound's roofs and those of neighboring houses are thatched. The broad street in front of the house is clear of vegetation. Makala, June-July, 1990.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Makala
- Subjects:
- Atakpame; Vegetation
- Subjects Facet:
- Plastering; Courtyard houses; Thatched roofs; Villages; Streets; Housing
- Identifier:
- 4
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1990
- Date searchable:
- 1990-06/07
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Makala;8.142462, -2.381817
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.142462, -2.381817
- Description:
- Situated on the south side of Ahenkro against the backdrop of the Banda hills, one of the village's thatch-roofed primary schools (left) and the Junior Secondary School, still under construction but with one metal-roofed classroom in use. Ahenkro, July, 1986.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ahenkro
- Subjects:
- Education
- Subjects Facet:
- Building; Thatched roofs; Metal roofing; Schools
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1986
- Date searchable:
- 1986-07/08
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Ahenkro;8.161810, -2.359203
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.161810, -2.359203
- Description:
- A view of Makala's wide main street, standing under a mango tree at the east end of town looking westward. Houses with thatched roofs line the main street, with a metal-roofed house visible to the right. Makala, June-July, 1990.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Makala
- Subjects:
- Mango tree
- Subjects Facet:
- Thatched roofs; Metal roofing; Streets; Housing; Villages
- Identifier:
- 31
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1990
- Date searchable:
- 1990-06/07
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Makala;8.142462, -2.381817
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.142462, -2.381817
- Description:
- The courtyard kitchen area of a partially enclosed compound has two hearths with cooking equipment placed around. Several low stools and a wooden chair sit among metal pots, calabashes (gourds) and other kitchen items. A mortar and a basket sit to the right. A stack of dried blocks (right, rear) suggests that an addition to the compound is planned. More blocks are stored inside the open room whose wooden door has been removed. Ahenkro, July-August, 1986.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ahenkro
- Subjects:
- Metal pots; Baskets
- Subjects Facet:
- Dwellings--Maintenance and repair; Thatched roofs; Mortars & pestles; Hearths; Gourd, Calabash; Courtyards; Bricks; Chairs; Housing; Stools
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1986
- Date searchable:
- 1986-07/08
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Ahenkro;8.164591, -2.355672
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.164591, -2.355672
- Description:
- Unlike atakpame (coursed earth technique of building), wattle-and-daub structures can be built quickly. The structure has a frame of horizontal and vertical poles, into which molded earthen balls are pressed to create walls. Whereas atakpame must be allowed to dry thoroughly before the next course is added, the "wattle" framing allows the "daub" to be placed and the walls completed without waiting for lower levels to dry. Ahenkro, December, 1982.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ahenkro
- Subjects:
- Atakpame
- Subjects Facet:
- Thatched roofs; Wattle and daub; Building, Clay; Housing
- Identifier:
- 8
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1982
- Date searchable:
- 1982-12
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Ahenkro;8.164591, -2.355672
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.164591, -2.355672
- Description:
- Houses along the main street of Wewa. Doorways lead to interior courtyards of these compounds. Walls are made primarily using an atakpame (coursed earth) technique, though the pillared verandah wall (far right) was made with sun-dried bricks. Part of the roof of the near compound has recently been re-thatched. The streets and houses are kept clear of grass and other plants. Wewa, December, 1982.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Wewa
- Subjects:
- Atakpame
- Subjects Facet:
- Dwellings--Maintenance and repair; Thatched roofs; Building, Clay; Atakpame; Streets; Bricks; Housing; Courtyard houses
- Identifier:
- 12
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1982
- Date searchable:
- 1982-12
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Wewa;8.075993, -2.398928
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.075993, -2.398928
- Description:
- The walls of an atakpame (coursed-earth) structure drying before the next course of earthen building material is added. Behind, to the left, a block constructed building in progress and houses with metal roofs. Dompofie, September, 1982.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17172 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16763
- Location(s) Facet:
- Dompofie
- Subjects:
- Techniques; Atakpame
- Subjects Facet:
- Villages; Bricks; Housing; Building, Clay; Metal roofing
- Identifier:
- 32
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1982
- Date searchable:
- 1982-09
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Dompofie;8.148574, -2.367172
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.148574, -2.367172
- Description:
- A skilled builder (Akwasi Nyua Tonyaa) places atakpame balls on the previously laid and dried course of earthen wall. He carefully molds the moist earthen ball to the dry course to ensure a strong wall. Dompofie, September, 1982.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16762 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17172
- Location(s) Facet:
- Dompofie
- Subjects:
- Techniques; Atakpame
- Subjects Facet:
- Building, Clay; Housing
- Identifier:
- 33
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1982
- Date searchable:
- 1982-09
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Dompofie;8.148574, -2.367172
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.148574, -2.367172
- Description:
- The courtyard of a long-established compound in Ahenkro. The main room has a columned verandah and its walls are plastered. A metal roof covers it and the courtyard entrance. A hearth occupies the central courtyard. Two metal water barrels (right and left), headpans and a bucket speak to the daily activity of fetching water. Ahenkro, July-August, 1986.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ahenkro
- Subjects:
- Metal pots; Headpans; Water barrels
- Subjects Facet:
- Plastering; Building; Metal roofing; Courtyards; Water; Housing; Hearths
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1986
- Date searchable:
- 1986-07/08
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Ahenkro;8.164591, -2.355672
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.164591, -2.355672
- Description:
- Hunters (bͻfͻ; pl. bͻfͻͻlͻ in Nafaanra) with firearms, Fawoman, August, 1982. In times past, "bush" meat was important to local life. Archaeological evidence shows that people relied on a wide range of wild animals--from grasscutters to large carnivores--as sources of meat and valued materials like skins. From 1971 hunting was banned within the newly established Bui National Park (a Wildlife Protected Area covering more than 1800 km2). From 1989, Ghana's Wildlife Conservation (Amendment) Regulations (L. I. 1452) banned unlicensed hunting outside of park lands. Oral histories describe hunters as individuals whose knowledge of the land was important to communities as they sought to establish settlements in new areas. Fawoman, September, 1982.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Fawoman
- Subjects:
- Bush meat
- Subjects Facet:
- Firearms; Hunters
- Identifier:
- 19
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1982
- Date searchable:
- 1982-09
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Fawoman;8.120434, -2.240526
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.120434, -2.240526
- Description:
- A field planted with tobacco near the Banda hills northwest of Ahenkro. Banda area farmers began to go into commercial tobacco farming in the 1980s. In preparation to grow tobacco, fields were clear cut and plowed by tractor. Tobacco seedlings were transplanted into the mono-cropped fields. Farmers used commercial fertilizers supplied by tobacco buyers who advanced money on cured leaves. These large cleared fields rapidly lost soil fertility. After tobacco farming was banned by the Traditional Council in the early 2000s, these open fields were often planted with other cash crops, like cashew. Northwest of Ahenkro, 1994.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17514 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16786
- Location(s) Facet:
- Banda
- Subjects:
- Fertilizers; Tractor plowing
- Subjects Facet:
- Tobacco; Agriculture; Cash crops; Agricultural lands
- Identifier:
- 28
- Creator:
- Dr. M. Dores Cruz
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1994
- Date searchable:
- 1994-06/07
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Banda;8.167263, -2.366883
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.167263, -2.366883
- Description:
- Family members work together at farm to process calabash (gourd; chrԑ in Nafaanra) grown as both a cash crop and a source of household objects and its seeds as a soup ingredient. The men use large knives to split the calabash, after which they will remove its pulpy center and scrape its interior walls. Pictured here are (left to right) Maa Afia (girl), Ama Bosin (woman), O. K. Kwabena Krah, Nduo Wulo Kwadwo and Joshua Tandor. Farm on the outskirts of Banda-Ahenkro, August, 1982.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Banda
- Subjects:
- Farm work; Men's work
- Subjects Facet:
- Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
- Identifier:
- 15
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1982
- Date searchable:
- 1982-07
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Banda
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Description:
- By 1994, many Banda farmers had gone into tobacco farming. Money was advanced to farmers by tobacco companies to purchase the cement and iron sheets needed to build drying barns. The buyers also advanced commercial fertilizer needed to grow the cash crop. A tractor supplied by the company was used to prepare fields for the seedlings and to transport firewood from surrounding areas to the barns. Large amounts of wood were used to stoke fires in the drying barns. South side of Ahenkro, June-July, 1994.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ahenkro
- Subjects:
- Drying barns; Fertilizer; Wood piles
- Subjects Facet:
- Tobacco; Cash crops; Firewood
- Identifier:
- 5
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1994
- Date searchable:
- 1994-07
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Ahenkro;8.163383, -2.357502
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.163383, -2.357502
- Description:
- A woman carries harvested tobacco leaves from farm to the area where the leaves will be tied for drying. Behind her, a ladder rests against the wall of a cement block metal-roofed tobacco drying barn. Tobacco was grown as a cash crop in the Banda area from the early 1980s into the early 2000s. Farmers received materials like bags of cement and roofing sheets to build drying barns as advances on their crop. South side of Ahenkro, July-August, 1986.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ahenkro
- Subjects:
- Headloading; Drying barns; Women's work
- Subjects Facet:
- Building; Tobacco; Metal roofing; Cash crops; Lifting and carrying
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1986
- Date searchable:
- 1986-07/08
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Ahenkro;8.163264, -2.356141
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.163264, -2.356141
- Description:
- Kwasi Millah of Dompofie sits under the shade of a tree while processing calabash (gourd) bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ in Nafaanra). The interior is scraped clean and the calabash set aside to dry. While some are kept for household use, many are sold at market. Once dried, the calabash bowls are durable utensils used for cooking, bathing, and other household tasks. Dompofie, June, 1995.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Dompofie
- Subjects:
- Men's work
- Subjects Facet:
- Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
- Identifier:
- 35
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1995
- Date searchable:
- 1995-06
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Dompofie;8.14816667, -2.36777778
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.14816667, -2.36777778
- Description:
- Tobacco was grown as a cash crop in the Banda area during the 1980s and 1990s. Pictured here are wood piles and tobacco barns on the south side of Ahenkro. The wood was collected and brought to town using a tractor. The high demand for wood by tobacco farmers to fuel the drying barns created tensions with women who relied on wood collected from farms to fuel their cooking fires. Ahenkro, June-July, 1990.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ahenkro
- Subjects:
- Wood piles; Drying barns
- Subjects Facet:
- Tobacco; Cash crops; Firewood
- Identifier:
- 2
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 1990
- Date searchable:
- 1990-06/07
- Genre:
- 35 mm slide
- Genre Facet:
- 35 mm slide
- Location(s):
- Ahenkro;8.163264, -2.356141
- Date Digitized:
- 2016
- Commentary:
- Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.163264, -2.356141