Improving African Futures Using Lessons from the Past

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1. Tobacco field west of Ahenkro, 1994

Description:
A field planted with tobacco near the Banda hills northwest of Ahenkro. Banda area farmers began to go into commercial tobacco farming in the 1980s. In preparation to grow tobacco, fields were clear cut and plowed by tractor. Tobacco seedlings were transplanted into the mono-cropped fields. Farmers used commercial fertilizers supplied by tobacco buyers who advanced money on cured leaves. These large cleared fields rapidly lost soil fertility. After tobacco farming was banned by the Traditional Council in the early 2000s, these open fields were often planted with other cash crops, like cashew. Northwest of Ahenkro, 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17514 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16786
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Fertilizers; Tractor plowing
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Agriculture; Cash crops; Agricultural lands
Identifier:
28
Creator:
Dr. M. Dores Cruz
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1994
Date searchable:
1994-06/07
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda;8.167263, -2.366883
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. M. Dores Cruz
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.167263, -2.366883

2. Processing harvested calabash, Banda, 1982

Description:
Family members work together at farm to process calabash (gourd; chrԑ in Nafaanra) grown as both a cash crop and a source of household objects and its seeds as a soup ingredient. The men use large knives to split the calabash, after which they will remove its pulpy center and scrape its interior walls. Pictured here are (left to right) Maa Afia (girl), Ama Bosin (woman), O. K. Kwabena Krah, Nduo Wulo Kwadwo and Joshua Tandor. Farm on the outskirts of Banda-Ahenkro, August, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Farm work; Men's work
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
Identifier:
15
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-07
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante

3. Tobacco drying barns, south side of Ahenkro, 1994

Description:
By 1994, many Banda farmers had gone into tobacco farming. Money was advanced to farmers by tobacco companies to purchase the cement and iron sheets needed to build drying barns. The buyers also advanced commercial fertilizer needed to grow the cash crop. A tractor supplied by the company was used to prepare fields for the seedlings and to transport firewood from surrounding areas to the barns. Large amounts of wood were used to stoke fires in the drying barns. South side of Ahenkro, June-July, 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Ahenkro
Subjects:
Drying barns; Fertilizer; Wood piles
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Cash crops; Firewood
Identifier:
5
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1994
Date searchable:
1994-07
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Ahenkro;8.163383, -2.357502
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.163383, -2.357502

4. Woman carries harvested tobacco leaves from farm, 1986

Description:
A woman carries harvested tobacco leaves from farm to the area where the leaves will be tied for drying. Behind her, a ladder rests against the wall of a cement block metal-roofed tobacco drying barn. Tobacco was grown as a cash crop in the Banda area from the early 1980s into the early 2000s. Farmers received materials like bags of cement and roofing sheets to build drying barns as advances on their crop. South side of Ahenkro, July-August, 1986.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Ahenkro
Subjects:
Headloading; Drying barns; Women's work
Subjects Facet:
Building; Tobacco; Metal roofing; Cash crops; Lifting and carrying
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1986
Date searchable:
1986-07/08
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Ahenkro;8.163264, -2.356141
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.163264, -2.356141

5. Kwasi Millah processing calabash, Dompofie, 1995

Description:
Kwasi Millah of Dompofie sits under the shade of a tree while processing calabash (gourd) bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ in Nafaanra). The interior is scraped clean and the calabash set aside to dry. While some are kept for household use, many are sold at market. Once dried, the calabash bowls are durable utensils used for cooking, bathing, and other household tasks. Dompofie, June, 1995.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Dompofie
Subjects:
Men's work
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
Identifier:
35
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1995
Date searchable:
1995-06
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Dompofie;8.14816667, -2.36777778
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.14816667, -2.36777778

6. Piled wood used to fuel tobacco drying barns, Ahenkro, 1990

Description:
Tobacco was grown as a cash crop in the Banda area during the 1980s and 1990s. Pictured here are wood piles and tobacco barns on the south side of Ahenkro. The wood was collected and brought to town using a tractor. The high demand for wood by tobacco farmers to fuel the drying barns created tensions with women who relied on wood collected from farms to fuel their cooking fires. Ahenkro, June-July, 1990.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Ahenkro
Subjects:
Wood piles; Drying barns
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Cash crops; Firewood
Identifier:
2
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1990
Date searchable:
1990-06/07
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Ahenkro;8.163264, -2.356141
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.163264, -2.356141

7. Drying barn for processing tobacco, Ahenkro, 1990

Description:
Drying barns on the south side of Banda-Ahenkro used to dry and cure tobacco. Wood used to fuel the fires in the barns is stacked in piles between the barns and was brought in from surrounding farmland by tractor. The high demand for wood by tobacco farmers created tensions with women who relied on wood collected from farms to fuel their cooking fires. Ahenkro, June-July, 1990.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Ahenkro
Subjects:
Drying barns; Ahenkro; Wood piles
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Cash crops; Firewood
Identifier:
3
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1990
Date searchable:
1990-06/07
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Ahenkro;8.163264, -2.356141
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.163264, -2.356141

8. Splitting calabash prior to removing its seeds and pulp, Banda, 1982

Description:
Joshua Tandor uses a metal blade and a mallet to split a calabash (chrԑ in Nafaanra) in half. The pulp and seeds are removed and the calabash walls scraped clean before being set aside to dry. The resulting calabash bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ) are sold at market while the seeds are a prized soup ingredient (fnumu). Farmstead on the outskirts of Banda-Ahenkro, August, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Men's work
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Cutting tools; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
Identifier:
18
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-08
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante

9. Cleared and plowed field, Banda-Ahenkro, 2009

Description:
A clear-cut, tractor-plowed field at the base of the Banda hills, northwest of Ahenkro. Production of commercial tobacco in the 1980s and 1990s introduced clear cutting and tractor plowing to the area. Once opened up, these fields are not well suited for growing yams or intercropping. They are typically put to production of other cash crops. Northwest of Ahenkro, June, 2009.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Vegetation; Tractor plowing
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Agriculture; Cash crops; Agricultural lands
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
2009
Date searchable:
2009-06-28
Genre:
Digital image
Genre Facet:
Digital image
Location(s):
Banda;8.175888, -2.361804
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Geographic Coordinates:
8.175888, -2.361804

10. Cashew farm near Bongase, 2018

Description:
Banda farmers began planting cashew trees as a cash crop in the early 2000s. Farms dedicated to the production of this export crop, like this one along the road south of Bongase, are increasingly common across the area. Bongase, 14 November, 2018.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Bongase
Subjects:
Cashew farm
Subjects Facet:
Agriculture; Cash crops
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
2018
Date searchable:
2018-11-14
Genre:
Digital image
Genre Facet:
Digital image
Location(s):
Bongase;8.235659, -2.282145
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Geographic Coordinates:
8.235659, -2.282145