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Start Over Subject(s) building, clay Subject(s) housing

1. Main street, Makala, 1990

Description:
A view of Makala's wide main street, standing at the west edge of town, looking eastward. A mango tree grows in the street at the far end of the street. Atakpame (coursed earthen-walled) houses with thatched roofs line the street. The streets and areas around houses are kept clear of plants. Enoch Mensah (left) and Andy Black (right) stroll down the street after a day of work at Makala Kataa, the archaeological site located immediately west of Makala. Wide main streets like this one were was established in the 1920s when a British colonial District Officer implemented a "village planning" scheme. New villages were laid out next to existing settlements, and old villages abandoned as people relocated. The new villages were laid out on a grid pattern oriented by a wide main street. Archaeological excavations (1989, 1990 and 1994) at the old village site (Makala Kataa) have revealed much about daily life of Banda villagers in the late 18th and 19th centuries. See below for a link to a the 1902 Gold Coast Colony Ordinance that prompted these relocations: "Rules with Respect to Regulation of Towns and Villages." Makala, June-July, 1990. Makala, June-July, 1990.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17438 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16741
Location(s) Facet:
Makala
Subjects:
Atakpame; Relocation; Mango tree; Vegetation
Subjects Facet:
Thatched roofs; Villages; Excavations (Archaeology); Housing; Building, Clay; Streets
Identifier:
27
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1990
Date searchable:
1990-06/07
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Makala;8.142462, -2.381817
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.142462, -2.381817

2. Southwest edge of Makala, 1990

Description:
Makala as viewed from the southwest edge of town, looking northwest. A metal-roofed atakpame (coursed earthen-walled) courtyard house is in the foreground, with thatched-roof buildings visible beyond. The Banda hills rise in the background. Paths cut through the plants that grow up to village's edge. Makala, June-July, 1990.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Makala
Subjects:
Atakpame; Vegetation
Subjects Facet:
Courtyard houses; Thatched roofs; Masonry; Metal roofing; Housing; Building, Clay; Villages
Identifier:
2
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1990
Date searchable:
1990-06/07
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Makala;8.142515, -2.382644
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.142515, -2.382644

3. Exterior of a compound house, Makala, 1994

Description:
The exterior of a compound house made of adjoining rooms oriented around a rectangular courtyard. These were often built over time, with rooms added as needed, gradually enclosing the interior courtyard. The compound in this photo is open on one side, rooms surrounding the other three sides of the courtyard. Atakpame walls are visible as are the gabled thatched roofs that protect walls from erosion by rain. Makala, July, 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Makala
Subjects:
Atakpame
Subjects Facet:
Courtyard houses; Thatched roofs; Building, Clay; Housing
Identifier:
23
Creator:
Dr. Brian Thomas
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1994
Date searchable:
1994-07
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Makala;8.142358, -2.383358
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Brian Thomas
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.142358, -2.383358

4. Exterior wall of a compound house, Makala, 1994

Description:
Exterior wall of a compound house covered by a thatched roof. The coursed earth (atakpame) wall was built in stages as rooms were added. An exterior roof support pole is visible to the left. A coconut palm, an unusual tree in this area of savanna woodland far from the coast, is visible in the background. Houses and surrounding streets are kept clear of grass and other plants. Makala, July 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Makala
Subjects:
Coconut palm; Atakpame
Subjects Facet:
Thatched roofs; Villages; Housing; Building, Clay
Identifier:
35
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1994
Date searchable:
1994-07
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Makala;8.142358, -2.383358
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.142358, -2.383358

5. View of Makala, looking northwest, 1990

Description:
Houses with metal roofs are interspersed with thatch-roofed dwellings. The house to the left has a partially constructed atakpame (coursed-earth) room in progress. To the right of this, a stand of maize (corn, bledju in Nafaanra) grows, protected from foraging goats by a hedge. The young boy, foreground, wears a school uniform. Makala, June-July, 1990.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Makala
Subjects:
Atakpame; Maize
Subjects Facet:
Gardens; Thatched roofs; Metal roofing; Corn; Housing; Building, Clay; Villages
Identifier:
8
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1990
Date searchable:
1990-06/07
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Makala;8.142573, -2.381145
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.142573, -2.381145

6. Exterior house wall, Makala, 1994

Description:
The exterior wall of an atakpame (coursed earth) house. Atakpame is a technique for building durable earthen walls that can stand for many decades. The thatched roof is supported by interior and exterior posts and does not rest on the walls. When covered by well-maintained thatched roofs, the walls are protected from erosion by rain. A goat walks on the street outside. Makala, July, 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Makala
Subjects:
Atakpame
Subjects Facet:
Goats; Thatched roofs; Building, Clay; Exterior walls; Housing
Identifier:
34
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1994
Date searchable:
1994-07
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Makala;8.142358, -2.383358
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.142358, -2.383358

7. Floor of an interior courtyard, Makala, 1994

Description:
Large stones, some used as grindstones, are placed about the corner of this courtyard. Groundnut (peanut, boŋgrɛ in Nafaanra) shells lay on the ground at the feet of a child. A carved wooden stool appears alongside stools made from sawed boards, the latter typical of those taken to school by children each day and those used by women as they sit hearth-side while cooking. Two calabash bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ in Nafaanra) sit nearby. Makala, July, 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Makala
Subjects:
Grindstones; Groundnuts (peanuts)
Subjects Facet:
Stools; Villages; Gourd, Calabash; Courtyards; Grinding; Housing; Building, Clay
Identifier:
38?
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1994
Date searchable:
1994-07
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Makala;8.142358, -2.383358
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.142358, -2.383358

8. Atakpame walls, Dompofie, 1982

Description:
The walls of an atakpame (coursed-earth) structure drying before the next course of earthen building material is added. Behind, to the left, a block constructed building in progress and houses with metal roofs. Dompofie, September, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17172 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16763
Location(s) Facet:
Dompofie
Subjects:
Techniques; Atakpame
Subjects Facet:
Villages; Bricks; Housing; Building, Clay; Metal roofing
Identifier:
32
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-09
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Dompofie;8.148574, -2.367172
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.148574, -2.367172

9. House courtyard, Ahenkro, 1986

Description:
A partially enclosed courtyard area of a house, with wall stubs of a collapsed room (right). One set of rooms was built with sun-dried blocks, then plastered and roofed with metal sheets. The other building is also plastered, but roofed with thatch. Two hearths are located in the courtyard and each building has a metal barrel used to store water. A headpan filled calabash bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ in Nafaanra) sits near one water barrel. A wooden mortar (left) is turned upside down, likely to protect it from foraging goats. Ahenkro, July-August, 1986.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Ahenkro
Subjects:
Headpans; Water barrels
Subjects Facet:
Goats; Thatched roofs; Mortars & pestles; Metal roofing; Courtyards; Housing; Building, Clay; Hearths
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1986
Date searchable:
1986-07/08
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Ahenkro;8.164591, -2.355672
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.164591, -2.355672

10. Standalone house, Ahenkro, 1986

Description:
While many houses take the form of compounds, people may build stand-alone structures that might later be added on to, creating an enclosed courtyard. Here, one side of the building is wattle-and-daub construction, the other side made by an atakpame (coursed earth) technique and later plastered. The wattle-and-daub technique allows walls to be built quickly, the frame ("wattle") allowing the daub to be placed without the need to let lower levels of the wall dry before adding upper levels. Ahenkro, July-August, 1986.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Ahenkro
Subjects:
Atakpame
Subjects Facet:
Plastering; Thatched roofs; Wattle and daub; Building, Clay; Housing
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1986
Date searchable:
1986-07/08
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Ahenkro;8.164591, -2.355672
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.164591, -2.355672

11. Wattle-and-daub house, Ahenkro, 1982

Description:
Unlike atakpame (coursed earth technique of building), wattle-and-daub structures can be built quickly. The structure has a frame of horizontal and vertical poles, into which molded earthen balls are pressed to create walls. Whereas atakpame must be allowed to dry thoroughly before the next course is added, the "wattle" framing allows the "daub" to be placed and the walls completed without waiting for lower levels to dry. Ahenkro, December, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Ahenkro
Subjects:
Atakpame
Subjects Facet:
Thatched roofs; Wattle and daub; Building, Clay; Housing
Identifier:
8
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-12
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Ahenkro;8.164591, -2.355672
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.164591, -2.355672

12. Houses on Wewa's main street, 1982

Description:
Houses along the main street of Wewa. Doorways lead to interior courtyards of these compounds. Walls are made primarily using an atakpame (coursed earth) technique, though the pillared verandah wall (far right) was made with sun-dried bricks. Part of the roof of the near compound has recently been re-thatched. The streets and houses are kept clear of grass and other plants. Wewa, December, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Wewa
Subjects:
Atakpame
Subjects Facet:
Dwellings--Maintenance and repair; Thatched roofs; Building, Clay; Atakpame; Streets; Bricks; Housing; Courtyard houses
Identifier:
12
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-12
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Wewa;8.075993, -2.398928
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.075993, -2.398928

13. Placing Atakpame balls, Dompofie, 1982

Description:
A skilled builder (Akwasi Nyua Tonyaa) places atakpame balls on the previously laid and dried course of earthen wall. He carefully molds the moist earthen ball to the dry course to ensure a strong wall. Dompofie, September, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16762 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17172
Location(s) Facet:
Dompofie
Subjects:
Techniques; Atakpame
Subjects Facet:
Building, Clay; Housing
Identifier:
33
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-09
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Dompofie;8.148574, -2.367172
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.148574, -2.367172

14. Preparing Atakpame balls, Dompofie, 1982

Description:
Assisted by his son (Wayo Fordjour), a skilled builder (Akwasi Nyua Tonyaa) shapes balls of atakpame as he prepares to add another course to the walls of a house under construction. Each course must be allowed to dry gradually before the next is added in order to create a strong wall. Calabash bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ in Nafaanra) used by the builder sit nearby. Two photos. Dompofie, September, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16762 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16763
Location(s) Facet:
Dompofie
Subjects:
Techniques; Atakpame
Subjects Facet:
Housing; Building, Clay
Identifier:
31
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-09
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Dompofie;8.148574, -2.367172
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.148574, -2.367172

15. Collapsed walls of a house, Sabiye, 1994

Description:
The earthen walls of a house on one side of a multi-room compound have collapsed, the walls filling in the area that was once the house floor. The thatched roofs of other rooms around the open courtyard can be seen in the background. Sabiye, 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Date:
1994
Location(s) Facet:
Sabiye
Subjects Facet:
Housing; Building, Clay; Walls; Thatched roofs
Creator:
Dr. M. Dores Cruz
Date searchable:
1994
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Location(s):
Sabiye;8.068359, -2.352164
Date Digitized:
2016
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.068359, -2.352164