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31. Large slag nodule, Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, 2008

Description:
Iron slag is formed as a byproduct of iron smelting. Here a large slag nodule has broken in half, revealing its interior texture. At the archaeological site of Ngre Kataa, large chunks of 'bubbly' slag like this were occasionally found in household and other contexts, away from areas otherwise associated with metal-working activities. Potters at the time of the site's occupation had begun to use crushed iron slag as a tempering agent in their potting clays, which may explain why large nodules were being carried and cached in areas away from metal-working locations. Ngre Kataa, June, 2008.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:
Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, Unit 8N 127E, Level 3
Date:
2008-06-23
Location(s) Facet:
Ngre Kataa
Subjects:
Slag
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Pottery making; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
NK08-027
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
2008
Date searchable:
2008-06-23
Genre Facet:
Digital image
Format:
Image
Source:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):
Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Geographic Coordinates:
8.11277778, -2.30611111

32. Tuyere used in iron smelting, surface survey, 1997

Description:
End view of a fired clay tuyere fragment used in an iron smelting furnace. A thick layer of slag produced during the smelting process coats the tuyere's outside surface (upper right). The tuyere was used to introduce air to the interior chamber of a smelting furnace. The tuyere was collected during site survey by N. Leith Smith in the course of his doctoral dissertation research. The tuyere was recovered in his survey area A, Site 7, Quad P14. Banda area, 8 February, 1997.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-18284
Date:
1997-02-08
Subjects:
Tuyere
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Metallurgy; Iron smelting; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
SF97-054
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. N. Leith Smith
Date searchable:
1997
Date searchable:
1997-02-08
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Location(s):
8.173691,-2.381385
Date Digitized:
2016
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.173691,-2.381385

33. Large slag nodule, Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, 2008

Description:
Iron slag is formed as a byproduct of iron smelting. Here a large slag nodule has broken in half, revealing its interior texture. At the archaeological site of Ngre Kataa, large chunks of 'bubbly' slag like this were occasionally found in household and other contexts, away from areas otherwise associated with metal-working activities. Potters at the time of the site's occupation had begun to use crushed iron slag as a tempering agent in their potting clays, which may explain why large nodules were being carried and cached in areas away from metal-working locations. Ngre Kataa, June, 2008.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:
Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, Unit 8N 127E, Level 3
Date:
2008-06-23
Location(s) Facet:
Ngre Kataa
Subjects:
Slag
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Pottery making; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
NK08-027
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
2008-06-23
Date searchable:
2008
Genre Facet:
Digital image
Source:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):
Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Geographic Coordinates:
8.11277778, -2.30611111

34. Pottery sherd with slag temper, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:
Side view of a broken pottery sherd with a large slag inclusion. The use of crushed slag as a tempering material included in potting clay is first seen in pottery associated with Ngre phase sites in the Banda area. The use of crushed slag as a temper intensifies during Kuulo phase times, after which it becomes uncommon. Ngre Kataa, June, 2008.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:
Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, Unit 8N 127E, Level 9
Date:
2008-06-24
Location(s) Facet:
Ngre Kataa
Subjects:
Slag
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Pottery; Pottery making; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
NK08-046
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
2008-06-24
Date searchable:
2008
Genre Facet:
Digital image
Format:
Image
Source:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):
Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Geographic Coordinates:
8.11277778, -2.30611111

35. Everted-rim pottery jar, Ngre Kataa, 2001

Description:
Photo of an everted-rim pottery jar excavated from Ngre Kataa, Mound 4, Unit 1, Levels 5-6. The jar (Vessel 1) was located in the north profile wall of the unit, together with another vessel (Vessel 2). The jar has a carinated shoulder and a rounded base. To the right and below the carination, a portion of the exterior surface has broken away. The upper area of the jar is decorated with three horizontal grooved lines, inbetween which are lines of dentate impression. Just above the carination is another line of dentate impression and a grooved line. To the left and right, on the upper side of the carination, sets of two triangular designs were applied, consisting of three punctates connected by two short grooved lines. The area inside the triangle is marked by crossed dentate impressions, forming an "X" inside the triangle. This design was repeated twice on the recovered portion of the jar. It was likely repeated a third time on the missing portion. Below the carination are two shallow horizontal grooves. The jar's base is smooth, with no surface treatment applied. Roughly 65% of the vessel was recovered. Rim diameter 25 cm at exterior lip. Photo scale in cm. Site Ngre Kataa ("Banda 40"). 5 April, 2001.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19000
Provenance:
Ngre Kataa (Banda 40), Mound 4, Unit 1, Level 5-6, North Wall
Date:
2001-04-05
Location(s) Facet:
Ngre Kataa
Subjects:
Jar; Dentate impression; Punctate; Grooving
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Pottery; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
FS01-317. Vessel 1
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. N. Leith Smith
Date searchable:
2001
Date searchable:
2001-04-05
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Source:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):
Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Geographic Coordinates:
8.11277778, -2.30611111

36. Everted-rim pottery jar, Ngre Kataa, 2001

Description:
Photo of an everted-rim jar excavated from Ngre Kataa, Mound 1, Unit 1, levels 3-6. The jar (Vessel 1) was found upside-down, resting on its rim and in association with a cluster of several other complete (Vessels 2 & 3) and broken pots in what has been interpreted as a kitchen area. The round-based jar is decorated on its lower surface by faint twisted cord-roulette impressions. The zone of cord rouletting is separated from the undecorated surface above by three arching grooves or channels. Multiple small circular punctates mark the place where grooved lines meet. Whole pot. Rim diameter c. 30 cm at exterior lip. Photo scale in cm. Site Ngre Kataa ("Banda 40"). 5 April, 2001.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19006; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19007
Provenance:
Ngre Kataa (Banda 40), Mound 1, Unit 1, Levels 3-6
Date:
2001-04-05
Location(s) Facet:
Ngre Kataa
Subjects:
Jar; Twisted cord roulette; Grooving; Punctate
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Pottery; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
FS01-336, Vessel 1
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. N. Leith Smith
Date searchable:
2001
Date searchable:
2001-04-05
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Source:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):
Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Date Digitized:
2016
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.11277778, -2.30611111

37. Large pottery bowl, Makala Kataa, 1989

Description:
Photo of a large pottery bowl. The rim is angled inward, creating a carination where the bowl's rim and body meet. Above the carination and around the rim's circumference, the exterior surface is decorated with shallow parallel grooves. The bowl's upper body is decorated with several clusters of triangular impressions which are bounded by angled pairs of grooved lines. The interior and exterior surfaces of the bowl are burnished, giving the bowl a slight sheen. A small pedestal stabilizes the bowl at its base. The bowl is consistent in shape and size with serving/eating bowls from which several individuals (typically men) would eat. The bowl was found positioned upside-down amid a concentration of other whole and partial pottery vessels, grinding stones, charred seeds and wide-spread fire-hardened soil. The context is interpreted as a kitchen area destroyed by an incident of intense fire. Whole pot. Scale in cm. Site Makala Kataa. 4 July, 1989.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:
Makala Kataa, Station 6, Mound 5, 4W 4S, Level 7-8
Date:
1989-07-04
Location(s) Facet:
Makala Kataa
Subjects:
Bowl
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Pottery; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
MK6 89-110, Pot 6
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1989
Date searchable:
1989-07-04
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Location(s):
Makala Kataa;8.142724; -2.382957
Date Digitized:
2016
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.142724; -2.382957

38. Everted-rim pottery jar, Ngre Kataa, 2001

Description:
Photo of an everted-rim pottery jar excavated from Ngre Kataa, Mound 4, Unit 1, Level 5. The jar (Vessel 2) was located in the north profile wall of the unit together with another vessel (Vessel 1). The jar has a carinated shoulder and a rounded base. The upper area of the jar is decorated with three horizontal grooved lines inbetween which are lines of dentate impression. The base of the jar is surface treated with a twisted cord roulette. Two roughly parallel horizontal grooved lines separate the cord rouletted zone from a plain zone below the carination. A hole in the base of the pot (ca. 7 cm across) may have been deliberately broken in this otherwise whole pot. Rim diameter 22 cm at exterior lip. Photo scale in cm. Site Ngre Kataa ("Banda 40"). 5 April, 2001.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-18999
Provenance:
Ngre Kataa (Banda 40), Mound 4, Unit 1, Level 5, N Wall
Date:
2001-04-05
Location(s) Facet:
Ngre Kataa
Subjects:
Jar; Cord roulette; Grooving
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Pottery; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
FS01-335, Vessel 2
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. N. Leith Smith
Date searchable:
2001
Date searchable:
2001-04-05
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Source:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):
Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.11277778, -2.30611111

39. Small pedestal-base pottery bowl, Makala Kataa, 1989

Description:
Photo of a small pedestal-base pottery bowl. The rim of the bowl is broken away around the entire circumference of the bowl. The exterior surface is burnished and decorated with several triangular impressions (not visible on the surfaces in this photo). The bowl is consistent in shape and size with serving/eating bowls from which an individual (typically a woman) would eat. The bowl was found in association with several other pots and a laterite hearthstone in an area surrounded by oxidized fire-hardened sediment. The wider context of the excavation unit is interpreted as a kitchen area destroyed by an incident of intense fire. Scale in cm. Site Makala Kataa. 11 July, 1989.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:
Makala Kataa, Station 6, Mound 5, Unit 0W 4S, Level 5
Date:
1989-07-11
Location(s) Facet:
Makala Kataa
Subjects:
Bowl
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Pottery; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
MK6 89-177, Pot 13
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1989
Date searchable:
1989-07-11
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Source:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):
Makala Kataa;8.142724; -2.382957
Date Digitized:
2016
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.142724; -2.382957

40. Everted-rim pottery jar, Ngre Kataa, 2001

Description:
Photo of an everted-rim pottery jar excavated from Ngre Kataa, Mound 4, Unit 1, levels 15-16, where the jar was exposed in the south wall of the excavation unit. The jar has a carinated shoulder and a rounded base. The area above the carination was decorated by five unevenly placed horizontal grooved lines. In three places around the vessel's circumference, the grooved line just above the carination is marked by "ꓥ." In a zone that begins c. 2 cm below the carination, lower areas of the jar are surface treated with a carved roulette impression. The ceramic fabric includes mixed grit (including laterite and quartz) and likely also finely crushed slag. An INAA sample (Banda 40/3) from the jar could not be assigned to a known source group. Roughly 2/3 of the vessel present. Rim diameter: 22.5 cm at interior lip. Photo scale in cm. Site Ngre Kataa ("Banda 40"). 5 April, 2001.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19004
Provenance:
Ngre Kataa (Banda 40), Mound 4, Unit 1, Level 15, South Wall
Date:
2001-04-05
Location(s) Facet:
Ngre Kataa
Subjects:
Jar; Carved roulette; Grooving
Subjects Facet:
Archaeology; Pottery; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:
FS01-318, Vessel 1A
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. N. Leith Smith
Date searchable:
2001
Date searchable:
2001-04-05
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Source:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):
Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Geographic Coordinates:
8.11277778, -2.30611111