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1. Preparing calabash at farm, Banda, 1982

Description:
A group of men work together, gathered at farm, processing calabash (gourd; chrԑ in Nafaanra) for market sale. The calabash is split, its pulpy interior removed, and the gourd's interior surface scraped clean before drying. Shavings from this thinning process are scattered about on the ground. Several children are gathered nearby as the men work. A basket sits next to a pile of prepared calabash bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ in Nafaanra). Farm near Ahenkro, August, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Calabash; Men's work
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Baskets; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
Identifier:
22
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-08
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2019-05-28
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Mark McIntyre

2. Eastward view from Banda hills, 1994

Description:
View towards the east from the Banda hills north of Ahenkro. In the foreground (right) are farm fields that have been clearcut and plowed for tobacco farming.The houses of Ahenkro are visible beyond the farm fields. The mountain ranges in the distance are those near Fawoman (left) and Boase (right). Banda hills, 30 July, 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Ahenkro; Savanna woodland; Tobacco field; Vegetation
Subjects Facet:
Landscapes; Agriculture; Villages; Mountains; Cash crops; Agricultural lands
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1994
Date searchable:
1994-07-30
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda;8.187472, -2.362306
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.187472, -2.362306

3. Tobacco field west of Ahenkro, 1995

Description:
A tractor-plowed field close to the Banda hills on the outskirts of Ahenkro has been planted with tobacco. Tobacco farming began in the Banda area in the 1980s and was common by the 1990s as many farmers took up commercial tobacco production. After tobacco farming was banned by the Traditional Council, some open fields like these were planted in cashew, the cash crop in which many Banda farmers invested from the early 2000s. Others have been used for mono-cropping (fields used for a single crop type) cash crops that are annuals. Northwest of Ahenkro, May, 1995.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16784 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17514
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Tobacco field; Tractor plowing
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Agriculture; Mountains; Cash crops; Agricultural lands
Identifier:
15
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1995
Date searchable:
1995-05
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda;8.164809, -2.367473
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.164809, -2.367473

4. Plowed field viewed from Banda hills, 2009

Description:
A plowed field at the base of the Banda hills near Ahenkro remains unplanted. Other previously plowed but now fallow fields are visible as light green areas against a background of savanna woodland. These clear-cut, tractor-plowed fields were first opened up in the 1980s and 1990s when many farmers took up commercial tobacco production, later banned by the Traditional Council. Looking eastward, the hills near Fawoman are visible in the background. Two photos. Northwest of Ahenkro, June, 2009.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Vegetation; Tractor plowing
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Landscapes; Agricultural lands; Agriculture; Cash crops
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
2009
Date searchable:
2009-06-28
Genre:
;Digital image
Genre Facet:
Digital image
Location(s):
Banda;8.175888, -2.361804
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Geographic Coordinates:
8.175888, -2.361804

5. Tobacco field west of Ahenkro, 1994

Description:
A field planted with tobacco near the Banda hills northwest of Ahenkro. Banda area farmers began to go into commercial tobacco farming in the 1980s. In preparation to grow tobacco, fields were clear cut and plowed by tractor. Tobacco seedlings were transplanted into the mono-cropped fields. Farmers used commercial fertilizers supplied by tobacco buyers who advanced money on cured leaves. These large cleared fields rapidly lost soil fertility. After tobacco farming was banned by the Traditional Council in the early 2000s, these open fields were often planted with other cash crops, like cashew. Northwest of Ahenkro, 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17514 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-16786
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Fertilizers; Tractor plowing
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Agriculture; Cash crops; Agricultural lands
Identifier:
28
Creator:
Dr. M. Dores Cruz
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1994
Date searchable:
1994-06/07
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda;8.167263, -2.366883
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. M. Dores Cruz
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.167263, -2.366883

6. Histories of farming and drought. Poster, 2014

Description:
An educational poster with pictures and text focused on histories of farming and drought in the Banda area. It describes how archaeologists learn about farming in the past and what has been learned about the foods which Banda peoples used in a period of severe drought several centuries ago. It is one of five posters prepared for a Banda community event held in 2014. Printed versions of the posters are available in the Banda Cultural Centre, Ahenkro.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Farming; Community engagement; Poster
Subjects Facet:
Droughts; Agriculture; Foodways; Sorghum; Corn; Pearl millet; Heritage
Creator:
Dr. Amanda L. Logan
Contributors:
Dr. Amanda L. Logan
Date searchable:
1000-2000
Date searchable:
2014-07
Genre:
Poster
Genre Facet:
Poster
Format:
Image
Language Facet:
English
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2014
People Facet:
Dr. Amanda L. Logan

7. Boase range viewed from mountain gap near Ahenkro, 1994

Description:
View from the mountain gap in the Banda hills west of Ahenkro, looking southeast toward the range of hills near Boase. A clear-cut tractor-plowed field (foreground) awaits planting of tobacco seedlings. Tobacco was grown as a cash crop in Banda from the mid-1980s through the 1990s until its cultivation was banned by the Banda Traditional Council. Beyond the field are houses in Gbao and savanna woodland extending to the Boase range. Outskirts of Ahenkro, 1994.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Gbao; Savanna woodland; Tobacco field; Vegetation
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Landscapes; Agriculture; Villages; Mountains; Cash crops; Agricultural lands
Identifier:
36
Creator:
Dr. M. Dores Cruz
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1994
Date searchable:
1994
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda;8.165415, -2.375886
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. M. Dores Cruz
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante
Geographic Coordinates:
8.165415, -2.375886

8. Eastward view from Banda hills near Ahenkro, 2009

Description:
View to the west from the Banda hills above Ahenkro. The mountains near Fawoman are visible in the distance. Rooftops of houses on Ahenkro's north side are visible (right). In the foreground a clear-cut tractor-plowed field awaits planting. Fields such as this were first established when Banda farmers began to plant tobacco as a cash crop, incentivized by commercial tobacco companies. After tobacco growing was banned by the Banda Traditional Council (early 2000s), these fields were put to other crops, including cashew. Banda Hills, 28 June, 2009.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Ahenkro; Savanna woodland; Tobacco field; Vegetation
Subjects Facet:
Landscapes; Agriculture; Villages; Mountains; Cash crops; Agricultural lands
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
2009
Date searchable:
2009-06-28
Genre:
Digital image
Genre Facet:
Digital image
Location(s):
Banda;8.187563, -2.361995
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Geographic Coordinates:
8.187563, -2.361995

9. Processing calabash ladles, Banda, 1982

Description:
Young men prepare calabash (gourd; chrԑ in Nafaanra) ladles for market. The calabash is split, its pulpy interior removed, and the gourd's interior surface scraped clean before drying. Banda, July, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Men's work
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
Identifier:
15
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-07
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante

10. Splitting calabash prior to removing its seeds and pulp, Banda, 1982

Description:
Joshua Tandor uses a metal blade and a mallet to split a calabash (chrԑ in Nafaanra) in half. The pulp and seeds are removed and the calabash walls scraped clean before being set aside to dry. The resulting calabash bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ) are sold at market while the seeds are a prized soup ingredient (fnumu). Farmstead on the outskirts of Banda-Ahenkro, August, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Men's work
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Cutting tools; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
Identifier:
18
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-08
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante

11. Processing harvested calabash, Banda, 1982

Description:
Family members work together at farm to process calabash (gourd; chrԑ in Nafaanra) grown as both a cash crop and a source of household objects and its seeds as a soup ingredient. The men use large knives to split the calabash, after which they will remove its pulpy center and scrape its interior walls. Pictured here are (left to right) Maa Afia (girl), Ama Bosin (woman), O. K. Kwabena Krah, Nduo Wulo Kwadwo and Joshua Tandor. Farm on the outskirts of Banda-Ahenkro, August, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Farm work; Men's work
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
Identifier:
15
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-07
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante

12. Intercropped farm field near Banda-Ahenkro, 1982

Description:
Typical farm from the 1980s, showing intercropping of yams (finyjie in Nafaanra), cassava (dwa), calabash (chrԑ) or gourd and other crops. Banda, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Farm fields
Subjects Facet:
Yams; Lagenaria siceraria; Intercropping; Agriculture; Farming; Gourd, Calabash; Cassava
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2018
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Ann B. Stahl

13. Calabash bowls drying at a farmstead, Banda, 1982

Description:
Cleaned calabash (gourd) bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ in Nafaanra) drying at Nduo Wulo Kwadwo's farm on the outskirts of Banda-Ahenkro, August, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Farm shelter
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
Identifier:
23
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-08
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante

14. Women removing calabash seeds from pulp, Banda, 1982

Description:
Calabash (gourd) seeds (fnumu in Nafaanra) are a prized ingredient used to prepare a much-valued soup (fnumu chiin; calabash seed soup). The pulp is set aside to decay, making it easier to remove the seeds, which are then cleaned, dried, and cracked by hand to remove the seed coat. Here women on Nduo Wulo Kwadwo's farm outside Banda-Ahenkro prepare to carry seeds home for processing. Outskirts of Banda-Ahenkro, August, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Women's work; Fnumu chiin; Soup
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Food processing; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash
Identifier:
20
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-08
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante

15. Processing calabash bowls, Banda, 1982

Description:
Nduo Wulo Kwadwo at farm, preparing calabash (gourd) bowls (chrԑgbͻͻ in Nafaanra) for market. After removing the pulp and seeds, he scrapes the gourd's interior surface with a metal blade to clean and thin its walls before drying. Farm on the outskirts of Banda-Ahenkro, August, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Men's work
Subjects Facet:
Lagenaria siceraria; Agriculture; Gourd, Calabash; Cash crops
Identifier:
16
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-08
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Commentary:
Slide scanned by Veronique Plante

16. Cleared and plowed field, Banda-Ahenkro, 2009

Description:
A clear-cut, tractor-plowed field at the base of the Banda hills, northwest of Ahenkro. Production of commercial tobacco in the 1980s and 1990s introduced clear cutting and tractor plowing to the area. Once opened up, these fields are not well suited for growing yams or intercropping. They are typically put to production of other cash crops. Northwest of Ahenkro, June, 2009.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Vegetation; Tractor plowing
Subjects Facet:
Tobacco; Agriculture; Cash crops; Agricultural lands
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
2009
Date searchable:
2009-06-28
Genre:
Digital image
Genre Facet:
Digital image
Location(s):
Banda;8.175888, -2.361804
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Geographic Coordinates:
8.175888, -2.361804

17. Cashew tree on a Banda area farm, 1995

Description:
A cashew tree (Anacardium sp.) grows in an agricultural field planted (foreground) with calabash (Lagenaria siceraria). Sampson Attah stands near the tree. Calabash has long been grown as a cash crop for local and regional sale in the Banda area. When cashew trees were first planted in the area from the mid-1990s, they were grown singly or in small numbers. A growing shift to cashew farming in the area during the early 2000s was accompanied by the planting of large stands of cashew trees referred to locally as "plantations." Banda area, June, 1995.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Date:
1995-06
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Cashew; Anacardium; Agricultural field
Subjects Facet:
Agriculture; Farming;Gourd, calabash; Lagenaria siceraria; Cash crop
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1995
Date searchable:
1995-06
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Location(s):
Banda, Bono, Ghana
Date Digitized:
2020
Sketchfab Uid:

18. Yam tuber exposed in a yam mound, Banda, 1982

Description:
The soil of a agricultural mound has been dug away to expose a yam (Dioscorea sp.) tuber. The yam vine spreads across the mound and beyond at the top of the photo, its roots surrounding the tuber. A yellow pencil is placed to the left of the yam to provide scale. Banda area, June, 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Date:
1982-08
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Agricultural field; Dioscorea sp.
Subjects Facet:
Agriculture; Farming; Yams
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-08
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Location(s):
Banda, Bono, Ghana
Date Digitized:
2020
Sketchfab Uid:

19. Newly formed yam mounds, Banda, 1982

Description:
Yam mounds have been raised in a partially cleared agricultural field. Small trees have been left to supply support for climbing vines and to aid fallowing after the field has been used for several years. The hard work of forming the mounds using short-handled hoes takes place early in the dry season, after which mounds are planted with yam cuttings during the months of January-February. The vines grow throughout the rainy months of April to August, forming new tubers which are ready for harvesting in late August-September. Banda area, Dec. 1982.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Date:
1982-12
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Dry season; Agricultural field; Dioscorea esculenta
Subjects Facet:
Agriculture; Farming; Yams
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982-12
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Location(s):
Banda, Bono, Ghana
Date Digitized:
2020
Sketchfab Uid:

20. Ma Mnama weeding at farm near Banda-Ahenkro, 1982

Description:
Ma Mnama had a reputation as a successful farmer in the Banda area. Here she uses a short-handled hoe (kagbaan in Nafaanra; pl. kagbɛɛn) to cultivate her intercropped field, located to the east of Banda-Ahenkro, 1982. A 2018 interview with daughter Lelԑԑ Yahͻͻ provides background on Ma Mnama's history as a farmer. A link to the interview is available, below.
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:
http://iaff.library.uvic.ca/concern/iaff_works/f772a633-5e3c-4ec0-a550-0ed9769bbb79;
Location(s) Facet:
Banda
Subjects:
Weeding; Intercropping; Women's work
Subjects Facet:
Hoeing; Intercropping; Agriculture; Farming
Creator:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:
1982
Date searchable:
1982
Genre:
35 mm slide
Genre Facet:
35 mm slide
Format:
Image
Location(s):
Banda
Date Digitized:
2016
People Facet:
Dr. Ann B. Stahl