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ngre phase (late)
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excavations (archaeology)
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- Description:
- Archaeological excavations of Mound 6 at Ngre Kataa in 2009 expose a workshop where blacksmiths produced iron and copper-alloy tools and ornaments. The mound is being excavated in 2 x 2 meter units named for the coordinates of their northeast corner. In unit 50N 0W (foreground), an area of burned soil marks the location where blacksmiths heated metals. A pottery jar sits in place to the right. In surrounding units (50N 2W, 48N 0W, 48N 2W) are large anvil stones where the hot metals would have been hammered and shaped through forging. The mound's stratified deposits suggest that the workshop area was used for many decades, and perhaps centuries, between the years of about 1350 and 1520 CE (Common Era). View across the mound from the northeast looking towards the southwest. Site Ngre Kataa. 27 June, 2009.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects:
- Workshop; Mound 6
- Subjects Facet:
- Handicraft; Metallurgy; Archaeology; Metalworking; Forging; Excavations (Archaeology); Iron; Copper alloys
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Contributors:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2009
- Date searchable:
- 2009-06-27
- Genre:
- Digital image
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Format:
- Image
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Description:
- Several grinding stones, a whole pot and a cluster of pottery sherds have been exposed in situ at the base of level 3, unit 44N 4W at Mound 6, Ngre Kataa. The large grinding stone in the foreground (grinding stone 1, NK-08-112) is oriented with its grinding surface facing down. Another smaller stone rests on a soil pedestal created as archaeologists excavated surrounding soil to a lower level. Upper right, a whole pottery jar (NK-08-176) sits next to a large grinding stone (grinding stone 3, NK-08-173) oriented with its grinding surface up. To the far left, above the photo scale in centimeters, archaeologists have exposed the edges of a pottery jar, broken in half and lying on its side. As excavations extended into the adjacent unit (42N 4W, to the left), this broken pot was found to be associated with two tuyere fragments. This cluster of grindstones, tuyeres and nearby burned features is interpreted as part of a larger metal-working workshop, the activities of which led to the build up of mound 6. The soil on the right side of the unit is darker because it is moister than that on the left. View to west. Site Ngre Kataa. 1 July, 2008.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17601 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17598
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 4W, level 3
- Date:
- 2008-07-01
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects:
- Grinding stone; Tuyere
- Subjects Facet:
- Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking
- Identifier:
- Catalog numbers NK-08-112, 08-176 and 08-173
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2008-07-01
- Date searchable:
- 2008
- Genre:
- Digital image
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Format:
- Image
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Description:
- The circular outline of a burned basin (Feature 3) is bracketed by photo scales (left of center) in unit 50N 4W (130 cm below the unit datum) at Mound 6. A pottery jar sits to the right side of the basin, its opening covered by a potsherd lid. To the left, a grinding stone sits, grinding surface down, over top of another pottery jar. Another grinding stone (far left) sits at a higher level in unit 50N 6W. A second burned feature is associated with a grinding stone tipped on its side, far right. Another pottery jar sits nearby, also lidded with a broken sherd. Burned features like these were associated with metal working in this Mound 6 workshop area. Photo scale at bottom in centimeters. Site Ngre Kataa. 29 June, 2009.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17593
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 50N 4W, 130 cm bd
- Date:
- 2009-06-29
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects:
- Grinding stone; Burned basin
- Subjects Facet:
- Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Handicraft; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Pottery
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2009-06-29
- Date searchable:
- 2009
- Genre:
- Digital image
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Format:
- Image
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Description:
- The circular outline of a burned basin (Feature 3) is bracketed by photo scales (center) in unit 50N 4W (130 cm below the unit datum) at Mound 6. A pottery jar sits to the right side of the basin, its opening covered by a potsherd lid. To the left, a grinding stone sits, grinding surface down, over top of another pottery jar. Burned features like these were associated with metal working in this Mound 6 workshop area. Photo scale at bottom in centimeters. Site Ngre Kataa. 29 June, 2009.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17594
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 50N 4W, 130 cm bd
- Date:
- 2009-06-29
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects:
- Grinding stone; Burned basin
- Subjects Facet:
- Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Handicraft; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Pottery
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2009-06-29
- Date searchable:
- 2009
- Genre:
- Digital image
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Format:
- Image
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Description:
- A large insitu anvil/grinding stone in an area interpreted by archaeologists as a metallurgical workshop (two views). It is associated with several smaller stones that show signs of use as grinding or hammer stones. On the northwest side of the large stone (GS 09-15) is a partial pottery vessel--unusual for its layered construction (NK 09-787). Sitting adjacent to the partial pot are two flat iron discs (larger one, above in photo 1, SF 09-370 and smaller, below in photo 1, SF 90-371). A smaller grinding stone (GS 09-24) sits northeast of the anvil stone, positioned with its grinding surface down. It rested on top of a pottery jar (NK 09-788) which was exposed in the next excavation level. An area of fire-hardened sediment to the southeast of the anvil stone (photo 2) is interpreted as part of a forging feature. Photo scale bar in 5 cm increments. Photo arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 4 July 2009.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19104 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19103 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19102
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 6W, Level 7
- Date:
- 2009-07-04
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects:
- Grinding stone
- Subjects Facet:
- Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Iron; Pottery; Artifacts (Antiquities)
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2009
- Date searchable:
- 2009-07-04
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Format:
- Image
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Description:
- View across four excavation units, looking west across an area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop. An anvil stone (GS 09-01) sits insitu in the foreground in unit 50N 2W. In the northwest corner of the same unit (below the roll of red flagging tape, right), the remains of a partially excavated burned feature interpreted as a forge are visible. A pottery jar (NK 09-686), lidded with a broken rounded base of another pot, is visible in the next unit (50N 4W). It sits adjacent to another burned feature in the unit's northwest corner (behind the pot, not visible in this photo). The jar is overlaid by another burned feature (visible as a layer of orange soil). A second pot (NK 09-685), to the left of the first, is covered by a flat stone (GS 09-13) whose lower surface shows evidence of grinding. A larger flat U-shaped grinding stone (GS 09-12) sits insitu atop a soil pedestal in the northeast corner of the next unit (50N 6W). To the south (left) of the stones, a partially exposed jar rim (NK 09-749) is visible close to the eastern edge of unit 50N 6W). Behind it, a large anvil/grinding stone (GS 09-15; faintly visible because it blends into the surrounding soil color) is partially exposed, with a smaller hammer/grinding stone (GS 09-16) sitting in front and left (south) of the large stone. A smaller grinding stone (GS 09-19; upper left of photo) has been pedestaled insitu in the farthest unit (50N 8W). Subsequent excavations in unit 50N 8W revealed a series of burned features in its northwest corner. A two meter yellow tape is extended along the edge of unit 50N 4W (right). Site Ngre Kataa. 24 June 2009.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Units 50N, 2 to 8 W, various levels
- Date:
- 2009-06-24
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects:
- Anvil stone; Grinding stone
- Subjects Facet:
- Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Pottery
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2009
- Date searchable:
- 2009-06-24
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Format:
- Image
- Source:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Description:
- A cluster of burned features is exposed in the northwest corner of excavation unit 50N 8W in an area interpreted by archaeologists as a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). Along the unit's west wall (left in photo) is an amorphous zone of fire-hardened red (Munsell color 2.5YR 3/6) matrix. A piece of brass bar (SF NK 09-293) was found in soil associated with this burned feature. Above and to the right (northeast), two circular burned features are visible in outline. These basin-shaped features had a thin lining of fire-hardened sediment, red to dark red (Munsell 2.5 YR 3/6 & 4/8) in color. The basins were filled with loose ashy sediment and small pieces of charcoal. A sample of burned matrix from feature 1 (top right basin) yielded a thermoluminescence (TL) age estimate of 1500 +/- 40 CE (Univ. Wash. 2455). Further excavation revealed additional basin-shaped features beneath the amorphous burned feature. The excavation unit's northwest corner peg is visible, upper left. View looking north. Site Ngre Kataa. 27 June 2009.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19109 ; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19111
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 8W,Level 6
- Date:
- 2009-06-27
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects Facet:
- Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Forging
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2009
- Date searchable:
- 2009-06-07
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Format:
- Image
- Source:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Description:
- The south wall of excavation unit 50N 0W in mound 6 shows stratified layers that accumulated in an area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop. An anvil stone (GS 09-06; left of the sign board) is pedestaled insitu in the adjacent excavation unit (48N 0W). Other pedestaled grinding stones are visible to the right and behind the sign board. These stones were found just below the mound's top surface. A smaller grinding/anvil stone is visible in the east wall of unit 50N 0W, at a depth of one meter below the anvil stone. Burned orange-red lenses that archaeologists interpret as features associated with processing metals are visible in the strata between the stones. Ashy lenses are visible in the south and west walls. Evidence suggests that these layers built up through repeated use of this location for metalworking activities. Width of unit: 2 meters. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 July 2009.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19116
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Univ 50N 0W, South Wall
- Date:
- 2009-07-09
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects:
- Anvil stone; Grinding stone
- Subjects Facet:
- Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2009
- Date searchable:
- 2009-07-09
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Format:
- Image
- Source:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Description:
- The southeast corner of excavation unit 50N 0W in mound 6 shows stratified layers that accumulated in an area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). An anvil stone (top of photo; GS 09-06) is pedestaled insitu in the adjacent excavation unit (48N 0W). This stone was found immediately below the mound's top surface. A smaller grinding/anvil stone is visible in the east wall of unit 50N 0W, at a depth of one meter below. Burned orange-red lenses that archaeologists interpret as features associated with processing metals are visible in the strata between the stones. Evidence suggests that these layers built up through repeated use of this location for metalworking activities. Stadia rod numbered intervals of 10 cm. View looking south. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 July 2009.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19117
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Univ 50N 0W, South Wall
- Date:
- 2009-07-09
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects:
- Anvil stone; Grinding stone
- Subjects Facet:
- Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2009
- Date searchable:
- 2009-07-09
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Source:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Description:
- A cluster of burned basin-shaped features is exposed in the northwest corner of unit 50N 8W in an area interpreted by archaeologists as a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). The basins comprised a thin layer of fire-hardened sediment, red to dark red (Munsell colors 2.5 YR 3/6 & 4/8) in color. Basin features 1 (top right) and 2 (left of feature 1) measured about 8-9 cm deep and were filled with ashy soil. Basin feature 5 (far left) was shallower. Its fire-hardened surface showed a pinkish tinge. Samples of burned basin matrix from features 1 and 5 yielded thermoluminescence (TL) age estimates of 1500 +/- 40 CE (feature 1; Univ. Wash. 2455) and 1580 +/- 40 CE (feature 5; Univ. Wash. 2456). Photo bar marked in 5 cm increments. Arrows pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 29 June 2009.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
- Publisher:
- University of Victoria Libraries
- Relation:
- https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19110
- Provenance:
- Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 8W,Level 6
- Date:
- 2009-06-29
- Location(s) Facet:
- Ngre Kataa
- Subjects Facet:
- Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Forging
- Creator:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Date searchable:
- 2009
- Date searchable:
- 2009-06-29
- Genre Facet:
- Digital image
- Format:
- Image
- Source:
- Dr. Ann B. Stahl
- Location(s):
- Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
- Geographic Coordinates:
- 8.11277778, -2.30611111