Subject(s): archaeology / Time Period: ngre phase (late) - Improving African Futures Using Lessons from the Past

1. Excavations at a metal working area, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Archaeological excavations of Mound 6 at Ngre Kataa in 2009 expose a workshop where blacksmiths produced iron and copper-alloy tools and ornaments. The mound is being excavated in 2 x 2 meter units named for the coordinates of their northeast corner. In unit 50N 0W (foreground), an area of burned soil marks the location where blacksmiths heated metals. A pottery jar sits in place to the right. In surrounding units (50N 2W, 48N 0W, 48N 2W) are large anvil stones where the hot metals would have been hammered and shaped through forging. The mound's stratified deposits suggest that the workshop area was used for many decades, and perhaps centuries, between the years of about 1350 and 1520 CE (Common Era). View across the mound from the northeast looking towards the southwest. Site Ngre Kataa. 27 June, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Workshop; Mound 6
Subjects Facet:: Handicraft; Metallurgy; Archaeology; Metalworking; Forging; Excavations (Archaeology); Iron; Copper alloys
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-27
Genre:: Digital image
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Facet:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

2. Copper wire finger ring, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Finger ring made from twisted copper alloy wire. From Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 4W, Level 5. Width: 2.3 cm. Weight: 1.6 g. Ngre Kataa, 8 July, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17595
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 4W, Level 5. Piece plot: 104 cm S, 153 cm W, 118 cm bd
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Wire; Ornaments; Rings (finger jewelry); Copper alloys; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 09-403
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Contributors:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2012-07-25
Genre:: Digital Image
Genre Facet:: Digital Image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Facet:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

3. In situ grinding stones and pottery, unit 44N 4W, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Several grinding stones, a whole pot and a cluster of pottery sherds have been exposed in situ at the base of level 3, unit 44N 4W at Mound 6, Ngre Kataa. The large grinding stone in the foreground (grinding stone 1, NK-08-112) is oriented with its grinding surface facing down. Another smaller stone rests on a soil pedestal created as archaeologists excavated surrounding soil to a lower level. Upper right, a whole pottery jar (NK-08-176) sits next to a large grinding stone (grinding stone 3, NK-08-173) oriented with its grinding surface up. To the far left, above the photo scale in centimeters, archaeologists have exposed the edges of a pottery jar, broken in half and lying on its side. As excavations extended into the adjacent unit (42N 4W, to the left), this broken pot was found to be associated with two tuyere fragments. This cluster of grindstones, tuyeres and nearby burned features is interpreted as part of a larger metal-working workshop, the activities of which led to the build up of mound 6. The soil on the right side of the unit is darker because it is moister than that on the left. View to west. Site Ngre Kataa. 1 July, 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17601; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17598
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 4W, level 3
Date:: 2008-07-01
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone; Tuyere
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking
Identifier:: Catalog numbers NK-08-112, 08-176 and 08-173
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008-07-01
Date searchable:: 2008
Genre:: Digital image
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Facet:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

4. In situ pottery and grinding stones, unit 42N 4W, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Excavations in unit 42N 4W have exposed clusters of pottery, grinding stones, tuyeres and an area of burned soil associated with metal working at Mound 6, Ngre Kataa. Foreground, left, a grinding stone (GS 08-10) rests with its working surface face down. It sits at a slightly higher level than a nearby (left) whole pottery jar (NK 08-406). To the right of these, a partial pot (NK 08-282) and a tuyere fragment (NK 08-284) are clustered together with two halves of a broken pottery jar, lying with its exterior surface facing down. To the south (behind), near the sign board and framed by photo scales, is a burned feature. Next to it sits a hand-held hammerstone (GS 08-11). Another partial pottery jar (NK 08-520) and a small flat grinding stone (GS 08-12) have been exposed to the left of the sign board at 77 cm below the unit's datum. The narrow dark bands visible in the soil are the traces of animal burrows. Photo scale adjacent to the sign board in centimeters. View looking south. Site Ngre Kataa. 7 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19136; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19177; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19132; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19135
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, unit 42N 4W
Date:: 2008-07-07
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone; Burned basin; Tuyere
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Handicrafts; Metalworking; Pottery
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008-07-07
Date searchable:: 2008
Genre:: Digital image
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Facet:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

5. Twinned copper alloy figurine, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A twinned lost wax cast copper alloy figurine from Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 6W, Feature 5 cluster. Archaeologists interpret the Feature 5 cluster as a shrine placed among metalworking facilities. Height: 5.9 cm. Weight: 31.3 g. Ngre Kataa, 19 July, 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17320; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19086; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19084; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19085
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 6W, Feature 5 cluster
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Copper alloys; Archaeology; Figurines; Lost wax casting; Lost-wax process; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: Catalog number SF-NK-08-209
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2012-07-25
Genre:: Digital image
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

6. Burned feature, unit 50N 4W, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: The circular outline of a burned basin (Feature 3) is bracketed by photo scales (center) in unit 50N 4W (130 cm below the unit datum) at Mound 6. A pottery jar sits to the right side of the basin, its opening covered by a potsherd lid. To the left, a grinding stone sits, grinding surface down, over top of another pottery jar. Burned features like these were associated with metal working in this Mound 6 workshop area. Photo scale at bottom in centimeters. Site Ngre Kataa. 29 June, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17594
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 50N 4W, 130 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-29
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone; Burned basin
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Handicraft; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Pottery
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009-06-29
Date searchable:: 2009
Genre:: Digital image
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Facet:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

7. Burned feature in a metallurgical workshop, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: The circular outline of a burned basin (Feature 3) is bracketed by photo scales (left of center) in unit 50N 4W (130 cm below the unit datum) at Mound 6. A pottery jar sits to the right side of the basin, its opening covered by a potsherd lid. To the left, a grinding stone sits, grinding surface down, over top of another pottery jar. Another grinding stone (far left) sits at a higher level in unit 50N 6W. A second burned feature is associated with a grinding stone tipped on its side, far right. Another pottery jar sits nearby, also lidded with a broken sherd. Burned features like these were associated with metal working in this Mound 6 workshop area. Photo scale at bottom in centimeters. Site Ngre Kataa. 29 June, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17593
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 50N 4W, 130 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-29
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone; Burned basin
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Handicraft; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Pottery
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009-06-29
Date searchable:: 2009
Genre:: Digital image
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Facet:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

8. Copper wire finger ring in situ, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A finger ring made of twisted copper alloy wire is photographed in situ. Base of level 5, unit 44N 4W, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa. Scale in 5 centimeter increments. Ngre Kataa, 8 July, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17105
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 44N 4W, Level 5. Piece plot: 104 cm S, 153 cm W, 118 cm bd
Date:: 2009-07-08
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Rings (finger jewelry); Ornaments; Copper alloys; Wire
Identifier:: Catalog number SF-NK-09-403
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009-07-08
Date searchable:: 2009
Genre:: Digital image
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Facet:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

9. North wall, unit 46N 2W, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: The mouth of a perforated shrine pot (left) is covered with the pedestaled base of another pot. It remains in situ as the surrounding areas of unit 46N 2W are excavated to lower levels. Behind, the stratified layers of Mound 6 are visible in the unit's north wall. Center (back) are a series of anvil and grinding stones exposed at higher mound levels in other excavation units. During excavations in 2008, a cluster of four anvil/grinding stones was found at a level slightly higher than but adjacent (left/west) to the perforated pot. At right, in lower levels, two grinding stones rest at an angle in association with a burned feature. Archaeologists interpret Mound 6 as a metallurgical workshop at which stratified levels built up through repeated use of the same location. Photo scale in centimeters. Site Ngre Kataa. 2 July, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19112; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17596; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19131
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, unit 46N 2W
Date:: 2009-07-02
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone; Stratigraphy
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009-07-02
Date searchable:: 2009
Genre:: Digital image
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Facet:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

10. Large slag nodule, Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, 2008

Description:: Iron slag is formed as a byproduct of iron smelting. Here a large slag nodule has broken in half, revealing its interior texture. At the archaeological site of Ngre Kataa, large chunks of 'bubbly' slag like this were occasionally found in household and other contexts, away from areas otherwise associated with metal-working activities. Potters at the time of the site's occupation had begun to use crushed iron slag as a tempering agent in their potting clays, which may explain why large nodules were being carried and cached in areas away from metal-working locations. Ngre Kataa, June, 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, Unit 8N 127E, Level 3
Date:: 2008-06-23
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Slag
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Pottery making; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: NK08-027
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-06-23
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

11. Large slag nodule, Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, 2008

Description:: Iron slag is formed as a byproduct of iron smelting. Here a large slag nodule has broken in half, revealing its interior texture. At the archaeological site of Ngre Kataa, large chunks of 'bubbly' slag like this were occasionally found in household and other contexts, away from areas otherwise associated with metal-working activities. Potters at the time of the site's occupation had begun to use crushed iron slag as a tempering agent in their potting clays, which may explain why large nodules were being carried and cached in areas away from metal-working locations. Ngre Kataa, June, 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution--NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, Unit 8N 127E, Level 3
Date:: 2008-06-23
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Slag
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Metalworking; Metallurgy; Pottery making; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: NK08-027
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008-06-23
Date searchable:: 2008
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

12. Insitu shrine clusters, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Insitu pottery and iron artifacts associated with clusters B and C of what archaeologists interpret as a shrine (clusters A-D) which capped stratified deposits in a metallurgical workshop. Far left in unit 48N 10W, the flat surface of an anvil/grinding stone (GS 09-32) is exposed, to the left (west) of which a poorly preserved portion of an elephant tusk was found (now removed). To the right (east) of the large stone is Cluster B, which includes the group of sherds seen in the vertical exposure in front and left (west) of the tree stump. Behind the tree stump is a large cluster (C) of pottery lids, partial pots and iron objects. Photo scale marked in 5 cm increments. View looking towards northwest. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19192; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19154; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19197; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19191
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Levels 3-4
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Shrines; Pottery; Iron
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

13. Insitu shrine clusters, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Insitu pottery and iron artifacts associated with clusters B-D of what archaeologists interpret as a shrine (clusters A-D) which capped stratified deposits in a metallurgical workshop. Bottom left, at the base of a balk supporting the unit peg, is cluster D, comprised of two stones flanking an iron disc, laid flat (SF 09-158), and a tri-looped iron bangle (SF 09-159). In front and left (east) of the tree stump is a large cluster (C) of pottery lids, partial pots and iron objects, including an iron bangle (SF 09-148) and a pair of miniature iron manacles (SF 09-171, "B"-shaped object). To the right (west) of the tree stump, another cluster of pottery and iron objects can be seen. Top right of the photo, a yellow notebook rests on top of an anvil/grinding stone (GS 09-32), next to which rested a poorly preserved section of an elephant ivory tusk. North arrow photo scale marked in 5 cm increments, arrow pointing north. View looking towards southwest. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19196; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19194; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19092; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19191
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Levels 3-4
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Manacles
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Shrines; Pottery; Bangles; Ornaments; Iron; Shackles
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

14. Iron tool, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: An iron artifact (SF 09-031) recovered from screened soil taken from the southern end of excavation unit 50N 2W where two large boulders used as anvil/grinding stones were located. In the unit's northwest corner was a burned feature interpreted as the remains of a forge in an area where metalworking took place. The flat iron object is pointed on one end and has two rounded lobes at the other, perhaps to facilitate turning (like a key?). Its function is unknown. The object has been corroded by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 5.7 cm. Weight: 9.3 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 30 May 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19122
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 2W, Level 3
Date:: 2009-05-30
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities); Iron
Identifier:: SF 09-031
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-05-30
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

15. Burned features and insitu stones, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: View across open excavations in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The photo centers on units 46N 8W (foreground) and the southern half of 48N 8W, the north wall of which (at 47N) can be seen behind the sign board. The exposed areas were excavated in 2008 and the photo taken in preparation for 2009 excavations. Traces of circular burned features, red-orange and yellow in color, can be seen in the freshly scraped surface of these units. The uppermost north arrow sits to the right (east) of the circular outline of a still-buried everted-rim jar. Another everted-jar rim can be seen exposed in the north wall at 47N. This rim and associated artifacts formed cluster B, part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) that extended across the northern half of unit 48N 8W (beneath and behind the small tree trunk visible above and left of the sign board). Cluster A (unit 46N 8W) comprised a large pottery bowl surrounded by six iron bangles that was removed in 2008. It was positioned above and slightly west (left) of the burned feature (center photo) that is intersected by a tree root. Cluster B included the artifacts seen here in the north wall at 47N, together with an associated cluster of a pedestal-handled pot lid, dog skull and jaw bones revealed by further excavation beneath and west (left) of the tree stump. In the upper right of the photo (north and east), insitu anvil (GS 09-15, left) and grinding (GS 09-12, right) stones are visible in unit 50N 6W. Photo scales marked in 5 cm increments and measuring tape marks 2 m. Arrows pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 6 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19170; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19143; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19152
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Units 46-48N 8W, 100 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-06
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Pottery; Shrines
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-06
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa; 8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

16. Insitu shrine clusters, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Insitu pottery and iron artifacts associated with clusters C and D of what archaeologists interpret as a shrine that capped stratified deposits in a metallurgical workshop. Cluster D appears in the foreground, left, below unexcavated soil remaining around the 48N 8W unit peg. Here two small stones flank a flat iron disc (SF 09-159, left) and a tri-looped iron bangle (SF 09-158, right). Cluster C is a large grouping of pottery and iron objects located north of the tree stump, center photo. Included were several whole pottery lids, a broken but mostly complete jar associated with an iron bangle (SF 09-148) and a pair of miniature iron manacles (SF 09-171). The bangle is visible, resting on a soil pedestal in front of the tree trunk's center. In the photo's upper right, a large anvil stone (GS 09-32), on which sits a yellow notebook, is visible. Flanking this stone on its western edge was a portion of an ivory tusk. Photo scale marked in 5 cm increments. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19092; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19193; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19191
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 3
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Shrines; Pottery; Bangles; Ornaments; Iron
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

17. Insitu shrine cluster, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Insitu pottery and iron artifacts associated with cluster C of what archaeologists interpret as a shrine (clusters A-D) that capped stratified deposits in a metallurgical workshop. Center photo are two large pieces of an everted-rim jar, its exterior surface facing outward. Immediately above is a large portion of the same pot, its interior surface facing outward. Found positioned against the jar's interior surface was a pair of miniature iron manacles (SF 09-171, "B"-shaped object). An iron bangle (SF 09-148) was positioned at the jar's mouth, above the manacles. To the left of the bangle is the upper edge of a large grinding stone (GS 09-26), which later excavations revealed to be oriented with its grinding surface down. To the right of the bangle, a pedestal-handled pot lid (NK 09-381) rests with its interior surface oriented upward. At center photo, bottom, a pot lid with a strap handle (NK 09-382) rests on its side. To the right of the north arrow, portions of an another pedestal-handled pot lid lie with its interior oriented upward. Photo scale at upper right marked in cm. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19194; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19192; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19191
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 3
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Manacles
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Shrines; Pottery; Bangles; Ornaments; Iron; Shackles
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

18. Insitu shrine cluster, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Insitu pottery and iron artifacts associated with cluster C of what archaeologists interpret as a shrine (clusters A-D) that capped stratified deposits in a metallurgical workshop. Lower center of the photo are two large pieces of an everted-rim jar, its exterior surface facing outward. Immediately above is a large portion of the same pot, its interior surface facing outward. Found positioned against the jar's interior surface was a pair of miniature iron manacles (SF 09-171, "B"-shaped object). An iron bangle (SF 09-148) was positioned at the jar's mouth, above the manacles. To the left of the bangle is the upper edge of a large grinding stone (GS 09-26), which later excavations revealed to be oriented with its grinding surface down. To the right of the bangle, a pedestal-handled pot lid (NK 09-381) rests with its interior surface oriented upward. Photo scale marked in cm. View looking south. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19080; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19161; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19193
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 3
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Manacles
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Shrines; Pottery; Bangles; Ornaments; Iron; Shackles
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

19. Shrine cluster, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Excavation of a shrine cluster, two images. The image on left shows a pottery cluster, first exposed in June 2008, as it appeared on 10 June 2009. At bottom center of this image is a pedestal base, above which is a tight cluster of rim sherds. The curved sherd on the far right in this image is the outer edge of the pedestal-handled lid, which is fully exposed in the photo on the right, taken on 16 June 2009. A dog skull in a highly friable state is visible above and to the right of this lid in both photos. In the imgae on the right, an iron bangle (SF 09-219) can be seen resting in an angled position, below and left of which is a dog mandible. These were uncovered by excavation below and behind the pedestal base seen in the picture on the left. Photo scale marked in 5 cm increments. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 and 16 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19153; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19154
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Levels 4-5, Cluster 11
Date:: 2021-03-19
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Ornaments; Bangles; Dogs; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Commentary:: Composite photo made using Adobe Photoshop 2020
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

20. Insitu iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: An insitu iron bangle (SF 09-132) made from a flattened iron rod with overlapping ends. The bangle occurred as an isolated find in the upper levels of an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. Photo scales marked in 5 cm increments. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 6 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19190
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 8W, Level 2. Piece plot: 12 cm S, 135 cm W, 80 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-06
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities); Excavations (Archaeology)
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-06
Genre Facet:: Ditigal image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

21. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 09-132) made from a flattened iron rod with overlapping ends. One end of the bangle is bent inward. The bangle occurred as an isolated find in the upper levels of an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The bangle has been corroded by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 7.9 cm. Weight: 25.6 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 6 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19189
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 8W, Level 2. Piece plot: 12 cm S, 135 cm W, 80 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-06
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-132
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-06
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

22. Shrine clusters B-C, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Insitu pottery and iron artifacts associated with clusters B and C of what archaeologists interpret as a shrine that capped stratified deposits in a metallurgical workshop. Cluster B encompassed the objects on the south (right) side of the photo, west of (below) the tree stump. To the right of the black-and-white photo stick (lower right) is an iron spike (SF 09-174), a half bangle (SF 09-173) and a slightly curved iron disc (SF 09-172) in a carefully placed composition. Immediately to the east (above in the photo), an aglomeration of pottery sherds is stacked. Later excavation revealed a pedestal-handled pottery lid, dog skull and jaw bones carefully placed below these sherds in cluster B. Cluster C encompassed the artifacts to the north (left) of the tree stump. These included a series of pottery lids, portions of single pottery jar and sherds from other pots. An iron bangle (SF 09-148) is visible above and slightly left of the top photo scale, sitting adjacent to a pottery lid (NK 09-381) lying with its interior surface up. This wider shrine assemblage overlaid burned features associated with metalworking activities. Black-and-white photo scale in 5 cm increments. Arrows pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19164; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19193
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 3
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Shrines; Pottery; Bangles; Ornaments; Iron
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

23. Tanged iron blade, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A curved, tanged iron blade (brɔfiɛn in Nafaanra), slightly shouldered at the base (right), with a short narrow tang for the purpose of hafting to a wood handle. The tool shows signs of corrosion. The artfiact was excavated from a house mound. Scale in cm. Length: 19.1 cm. Weight: 54.7 g. Ngre Kataa, 4 June, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 7, Unit 10N 28-30E, Level 7
Date:: 2009-06-04
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Blades (tool and equipment components); Cutting tools; Knives; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 09-113
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-04
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

24. Miniature iron shackles from a shrine cluster, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Miniature iron shackles (manacles). The artifact was excavated from a context that archaeologists interpret as a shrine located in metallurgical workshop. The shrine included many pottery jars and lids, iron bangles and other objects. The miniature shackles were placed inside a pottery jar, which was found lying on its side and broken. The shackles have been corroded by rust. Scale in cm. Width: 7.4 cm. Weight: 16.1 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 9-10 June, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19161
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 3. Piece plot, 41cm S, 75 cm W, 83 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Manacles
Subjects Facet:: Shackles; Iron; Leg irons; Handcuffs; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 09-171
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

25. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Iron projectile point, the head of which (left) has a rounded base. Two small barbs project from the point's long tang. To make an arrow (snini in Nafaanra), the tang was inserted into a straight shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood to which it was hafted. This artifact was found in an area that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop, in the vicintiy of anvil and grinding stones and features interpreted as forges. The projectile point shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 15.2 cm. Weight: 16 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 4 June, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 6W, Level 5. Piece plot 68-79 cm S, 22-23 cm W, 110 cmbd
Date:: 2009-06-04
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 09-354
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-04
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

26. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Triangular-headed iron projectile point with squared base (left) and long tang (right). To make an arrow (snini in Nafaanra), the tang was inserted into a straight shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood to which it was hafted. This artifact was excavated from what archaeologists interpret as a house mound. It shows signs of corrosion by rust. Scale in cm. Length: 9.6 cm. Weight: 12.6 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 3 June, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 7, Unit 10N 30E, Level 6. Piece plot, 44 cm S, 127 cm W, 76 cmbd
Date:: 2009-06-03
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 09-090
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-03
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

27. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Iron projectile point. The head (left) is asymmetrical, perhaps the result of its base being broken. The intact side of the base is shouldered. Two small barbs protrude from opposite sides of the point's long tang (right). To make an arrow, the tang would have been inserted into a shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood. This point was found in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The artifact has been corroded by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 10.1 cm. Weight: 8.9 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 4 June, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 6W, Level 3
Date:: 2009-06-04
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-110
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-04
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

28. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Asymmetrical barbed iron projectile point with a bent shaft. This artifact was found in an area that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. It was found near--and may have been part of--a large cluster of objects interpreted as a shrine. The (partial?) point has been corroded by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 9.1 cm. Weight: 11.3 g. Site Ngre Kataa, 6 July 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 6. Piece plot, 5 cm S, 5 cm W, 102 cm bd
Date:: 2009-07-06
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 09-384
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-07-06
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

29. Tanged iron blade, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Tanged iron blade with pointed tip (left) and rounded shoulders. Two large concretions adhere to the blade's corroded surface. The tang (right) would have allowed the blade to be hafted to a wooden or bamboo shaft or handle. If hafted to a long shaft, it may have been used as a spear (chombo in Nafaanra). This artifact was found closely associated with a copper alloy twinned figurine, an iron bangle, a rounded quartz pebble and several other objects, which archaeologists interpret as a shrine cluster. The cluster was placed among metal-working features in a metallurgical workshop. Scale in cm. Length: 8.6 cm. Weight: 12.6 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 19 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19086; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17600; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19085
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 6W, Feature 5. Piece plot, 15-20 cm S, 161-167 cm W, 78 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-19
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Blades (tool and equipment components); Cutting tools; Knives; Iron; Archaeology; Shrines; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 08-207
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-19
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

30. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A circular iron bangle, made from a rounded iron rod with abutting ends (bottom of photo). The bangle's surface is corroded by rust. This artifact was found closely associated with a copper alloy twinned figurine, a tanged iron blade, a rounded quartz pebble and several other objects, which archaeologists interpret as a shrine cluster. The cluster was placed among metal-working features in a metallurgical workshop.Scale in cm. Maximum diameter: 8.1 cm. Weight: 75 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 19 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19086; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19084; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17600;
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 6W, Feature 5. Piece plot, 4-12 cm S, 165-174 cm W, 77-79 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-19
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 08-206
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-19
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

31. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Triangular-headed iron projectile point with a barb at the head's base (left) and a long tang (right). To make an arrow (snini in Nafaanra), the tang was inserted into a straight shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood to which it was hafted. This artifact was found in an area (mound 7) that archaeologists interpret as a house mound. The projectile point shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 9 cm. Weight: 9.2 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 7 July, 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 7, Unit 14N 24E, Level 2
Date:: 2008-07-07
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-128
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-07
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

32. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Triangular-headed iron projectile point (SF 09-033) with a slightly squared base (left ) and a short tang (right). To make an arrow (snini in Nafaanra), the tang was inserted into a straight shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood to which it was hafted. This artifact was found close to several anvil/grinding stones in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The projectile point shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 8.1 cm. Weight: 9.3 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 30 May 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19181
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 2W, Level 5. Piece plot: 53 cm S, 20 cm W
Date:: 2009-05-30
Location(s) Facet:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-033
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-05-30
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

33. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Iron projectile point with an asymmetrical head (left), a single barbed at the base of the head and a small barb on the opposite side along the tang. To make an arrow, the long tang (right) would have been inserted into a shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood. This artifact was found in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The point has been corroded by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 15.2 cm. Weight: 13.7 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 2 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 0W, Level 3
Date:: 2009-06-02
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-069
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-02
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

34. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Triangular-headed iron projectile point with a single barb at the base of its head (left) and a long thin tang (right). To make an arrow (snini in Nafaanra), the tang was inserted into a shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood to which it was hafted. The artifact shows signs of corrosion. The point was excavated from a deep midden mound in an disturbed by a pig burrow. Scale in cm. Length: 12.4 cm. Weight: 14.2 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 25 June, 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, Unit 8N 127E, Level 12
Date:: 2008-06-25
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 08-011
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-06-25
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

35. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Triangular-headed projectile point with barbs on either side of the head's base (left). Its long tang (right) is bent. To make an arrow (snini in Nafaanra), the tang was inserted into a straight shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood to which it was hafted. This artifact was found in an area that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The projectile point shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 9.8 cm. Weight: 10.2 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 5 July, 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 6W, Level 3; piece plot: 67-71 cm S, 142-156 W
Date:: 2008-07-05
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF NK 08-112a
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-05
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

36. Copper alloy (brass) bar, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A piece of a copper alloy (brass) bar, found in association with burned features that archaeologists interpret as linked to metalworking (left: side view; right, end views). The bar is square in cross-section (right). One end appears finished and has a slight circular depression or dimple (bottom right). The other end (top right) is jagged and appears to be broken from a longer bar. The artifact was recovered from soil associated with an amorphous burned feature, underneath which were a series of burned basins likely created by forging activities. The object is similar in appearance to brass bars known from the Ma'adin Ijafen cache of brass ingots documented by Theodore Monod in eastern Mauritania in the 1960s. As such, this may be the form in which metalworkers got the copper alloys that were worked at the site. Length: 1.7 cm. Weight: 2.8 g. Scale in cm. Site Ngre Kataa. 25 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19110
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 8W,Level 5. Piece plot: 198 cm W, 88 cm S, 110 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-25
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities); Copper alloys; Metalworkinig
Identifier:: SF 09-293
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-25
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Commentary:: Composite photo made using Adobe Photoshop 2020
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

37. Burned features unit 50N 8W, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A cluster of burned features is exposed in the northwest corner of excavation unit 50N 8W in an area interpreted by archaeologists as a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). Along the unit's west wall (left in photo) is an amorphous zone of fire-hardened red (Munsell color 2.5YR 3/6) matrix. A piece of brass bar (SF NK 09-293) was found in soil associated with this burned feature. Above and to the right (northeast), two circular burned features are visible in outline. These basin-shaped features had a thin lining of fire-hardened sediment, red to dark red (Munsell 2.5 YR 3/6 & 4/8) in color. The basins were filled with loose ashy sediment and small pieces of charcoal. A sample of burned matrix from feature 1 (top right basin) yielded a thermoluminescence (TL) age estimate of 1500 +/- 40 CE (Univ. Wash. 2455). Further excavation revealed additional basin-shaped features beneath the amorphous burned feature. The excavation unit's northwest corner peg is visible, upper left. View looking north. Site Ngre Kataa. 27 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19109; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19111
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 8W,Level 6
Date:: 2009-06-27
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Forging
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-07
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

38. Excavated burned basins, unit 50N 8W, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A cluster of burned basin-shaped features is exposed in the northwest corner of unit 50N 8W in an area interpreted by archaeologists as a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). The basins comprised a thin layer of fire-hardened sediment, red to dark red (Munsell colors 2.5 YR 3/6 & 4/8) in color. Basin features 1 (top right) and 2 (left of feature 1) measured about 8-9 cm deep and were filled with ashy soil. Basin feature 5 (far left) was shallower. Its fire-hardened surface showed a pinkish tinge. Samples of burned basin matrix from features 1 and 5 yielded thermoluminescence (TL) age estimates of 1500 +/- 40 CE (feature 1; Univ. Wash. 2455) and 1580 +/- 40 CE (feature 5; Univ. Wash. 2456). Photo bar marked in 5 cm increments. Arrows pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 29 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19110
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 8W,Level 6
Date:: 2009-06-29
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Forging
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-29
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

39. Anvil stone in a metallurgical workshop, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A boulder used as an anvil stone (GS 09-07) sits insitu in an excavated area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop. A black-and-white photo scale stick stands vertically against it. The boulder's upper surface shows signs of use wear and its north-facing side is marked by a cup-shaped depression that resulted from repeated use. To the north (left), a fist-sized hammer stone (GS 09-09) rests insitu on a pedestal of soil left in place as the unit was excavated. Two stones showing evidence of use as grinding stones sit nearby, a north arrow placed by one(GS 09-10; center photo) and one in the southwest corner of the excavation unit (GS 09-08; bottom right). Another insitu anvil stone (GS 09-6) sits in the northeast corner of an adjacent excavation unit (48N 0W; top right of photo). The narrow band of loose soil angled across the southwest corner of the excavation was created by a burrowing animal. Photo stick and small arrow scale in 5 cm intervals. Photo scale arrows pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 2 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19119
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 0W, Level 2
Date:: 2009-06-02
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-02
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

40. Anvil stone in a metallurgical workshop, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A boulder used as an anvil stone (GS 09-01) sits insitu in an excavated area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop. This was one of several boulders associated with burned features and other residues of metalworking. The boulder's upper surface showed signs of use wear and its south-facing side is marked by a deep cup-shaped depression that resulted from repeated use. A burned feature interpreted as the remains of a forge is visible behind the anvil stone (upper left) in the northwest corner of excavation unit 50N 2W. Flat photo scale in cm. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 1 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19122
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 2W, Level 4
Date:: 2009-06-01
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-01
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

41. Anvil stones in a metallurgical workshop, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Excavations uncovered three insitu boulders placed in a row that were used as anvil stones in an area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop. Multiple surfaces of the boulders show signs of wear caused by hammering and grinding. Repeated use of the anvil stone in the foreground (GS 09-03) has created a clear depression on its upper surface and its left side is flattened by wear. The middle anvil stone (GS 09-02) has multiple depressions created by use on its upper surface. The anvil in the rear of the photo (GS 09-01) shows wear on its top and side surfaces, with dirt still embedded in a deep cup-shaped depression on its south-facing side in this photo. To the east (right) of the boulder in foreground, the flat surface of a grinding stone (GS 09-04) is visible in the east wall of the excavation unit. A broken pedestal base of a pot sits on its side to the east (right) of the middle anvil stone. In the upper left corner of the photo, a burned feature interpreted by archaeologists as the remains of a forge has been exposed. The red-and-white band above the photo sign is a two meter scale, marked in 10 cm increments. View looking north across two exavation units: 50N 2W (top of photo) and 48N 2W (bottom of photo). The 2x2m units have been excavated to slightly different depths. Site Ngre Kataa. 1 June, 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19121; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19181; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19182
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Units 48N 2W and 50N 2W, Level 4
Date:: 2009-06-01
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Forging
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-01
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

42. Iron disc, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A flat, thin iron disk. The object is corroded by rust. Its function is unknown. The disc was found in close association with a large anvil or grinding stone and adjacent to a distinctive pottery vessel and a smaller, irregularly shaped piece of flat iron (SF 09-171). This group of objects was located within an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. Scale in cm. Width: 9.4 cm. Thickness: .2 cm. Weight: 49.3 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 4 July 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19107; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19104; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19103
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 6W, Level 5. Piece plot: 134-140 cm S, 144-151 cm W, 100-107 cm bd
Date:: 2009-07-04
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Iron; Artifacts (Antiquities); Archaeology
Identifier:: SF 09-370
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-07-04
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

43. 17-19103

Description:: A flat, irregularly shaped iron with circular depression. The object is corroded by rust and its original form and function are unknown. It was found in close association with a large anvil or grinding stone (GS 09-15), a circular iron disk (SF 09-370) and a distinctive pottery vessel (NK 09-787). This group of objects was located within an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. Scale in cm. Width: 5.7 cm. Thickness: .2 cm. Weight: 9 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 4 July 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19107; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19102; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19104
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 6W, Level 5. Piece plot: 130-134 cm S, 152-155 cm W, 109-112 cm bd
Date:: 2009-07-04
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Iron; Artifacts (Antiquities); Archaeology
Identifier:: SF 90-371
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-07-04
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

44. Partial pottery vessel, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Interior view (left) and exterior view (right) of a partial pottery jar. The pot was found insitu near an anvil/grinding stone in an area interpreted by archaeologists as a metallurgical workshop. The jar's everted rim is rounded (right, top). Its exterior surface (right, bottom) shows evidence of layering, with an upper layer of clay added to a leather-hard lower layer before the pot was fired. The pot's walls are thicker than typical domestic pottery. Its find location suggests that it was probably made for an industrial rather than domestic purpose (possible pot bellow?). Dark smudging on the exterior surface affected both the upper and lower layers of clay, implying that it was exposed to high heat in a reducing atmosphere after manufacture. Striations on the vessel's interior (left) are the result of smoothing and forming during manufacture, with a small area of post-manufacture smudging visible (upper left). The vessel's ceramic fabric is tempered with laterite and crushed slag inclusions. It was found in close association with an anvil/grinding stone (GS 09-15), a circular iron disc (SF 09-370) and an irregularly shaped flat piece of iron (SF 09-371). Intact rim's diameter (exterior lip): 13.5 cm. Photo scale in cm. Site Ngre Kataa. 4 July 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19107; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19103; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19102;
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 6W, Level 4, 97-105 cm bd
Date:: 2009-07-04
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Jar
Subjects Facet:: Pottery; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: NK 09-787
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-07-04
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Commentary:: Composite photo made using Adobe Photoshop 2020
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

45. Stratified deposits, south wall, unit 50N 0W, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: The southeast corner of excavation unit 50N 0W in mound 6 shows stratified layers that accumulated in an area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). An anvil stone (top of photo; GS 09-06) is pedestaled insitu in the adjacent excavation unit (48N 0W). This stone was found immediately below the mound's top surface. A smaller grinding/anvil stone is visible in the east wall of unit 50N 0W, at a depth of one meter below. Burned orange-red lenses that archaeologists interpret as features associated with processing metals are visible in the strata between the stones. Evidence suggests that these layers built up through repeated use of this location for metalworking activities. Stadia rod numbered intervals of 10 cm. View looking south. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 July 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19117
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Univ 50N 0W, South Wall
Date:: 2009-07-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-07-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

46. Stratified deposits, south wall, unit 50N 0W, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: The south wall of excavation unit 50N 0W in mound 6 shows stratified layers that accumulated in an area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop. An anvil stone (GS 09-06; left of the sign board) is pedestaled insitu in the adjacent excavation unit (48N 0W). Other pedestaled grinding stones are visible to the right and behind the sign board. These stones were found just below the mound's top surface. A smaller grinding/anvil stone is visible in the east wall of unit 50N 0W, at a depth of one meter below the anvil stone. Burned orange-red lenses that archaeologists interpret as features associated with processing metals are visible in the strata between the stones. Ashy lenses are visible in the south and west walls. Evidence suggests that these layers built up through repeated use of this location for metalworking activities. Width of unit: 2 meters. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 July 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19116
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Univ 50N 0W, South Wall
Date:: 2009-07-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-07-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

47. Anvil and grinding stones in a metallurgical workshop, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: View across four excavation units, looking west across an area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop. An anvil stone (GS 09-01) sits insitu in the foreground in unit 50N 2W. In the northwest corner of the same unit (below the roll of red flagging tape, right), the remains of a partially excavated burned feature interpreted as a forge are visible. A pottery jar (NK 09-686), lidded with a broken rounded base of another pot, is visible in the next unit (50N 4W). It sits adjacent to another burned feature in the unit's northwest corner (behind the pot, not visible in this photo). The jar is overlaid by another burned feature (visible as a layer of orange soil). A second pot (NK 09-685), to the left of the first, is covered by a flat stone (GS 09-13) whose lower surface shows evidence of grinding. A larger flat U-shaped grinding stone (GS 09-12) sits insitu atop a soil pedestal in the northeast corner of the next unit (50N 6W). To the south (left) of the stones, a partially exposed jar rim (NK 09-749) is visible close to the eastern edge of unit 50N 6W). Behind it, a large anvil/grinding stone (GS 09-15; faintly visible because it blends into the surrounding soil color) is partially exposed, with a smaller hammer/grinding stone (GS 09-16) sitting in front and left (south) of the large stone. A smaller grinding stone (GS 09-19; upper left of photo) has been pedestaled insitu in the farthest unit (50N 8W). Subsequent excavations in unit 50N 8W revealed a series of burned features in its northwest corner. A two meter yellow tape is extended along the edge of unit 50N 4W (right). Site Ngre Kataa. 24 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Units 50N, 2 to 8 W, various levels
Date:: 2009-06-24
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Pottery
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-24
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

48. Anvil stone in a metallurgical workshop, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A boulder used as an anvil stone (GS 09-07) sits insitu in an excavated area interpreted as a metallurgical workshop. A black-and-white photo scale stick stands vertically against it. The boulder's upper surface shows signs of use wear and its north-facing side is marked by a cup-shaped depression that resulted from repeated use. To the north (left; center photo), a fist-sized hammer stone (GS 09-09) rests insitu on a pedestal of soil left in place as the unit was excavated. Another stone that shows evidence of use as a grinding stone sits nearby (GS 09-10; left in photo). The narrow band of loose soil angled across the southwest corner of the excavation unit (right of photo) was created by a burrowing animal. Photo stick and small arrow scale in 5 cm intervals; large arrow in 10 cm intervals. Photo scale arrows pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 2 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19120
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 0W, Level 2
Date:: 2009-06-02
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-02
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

49. Burned features, unit 46N 2W, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Three burned features are visible at the base of level 6 in unit 46N 2W. Two circular features (F1, right & F2, left) have been cross-sectioned, creating a straight edge. Burned feature 3 is an irregularly shaped (rectangular) area pedestaled on the east (right) side of the excavation unit. Along the unit's west wall (left) is an unexcavated rectangular area. Within this matrix was a perforated pot (NK 09-789) lidded with the pedestal base from another pot. The perforated pot contained cowries and small fragments of iron. In units to the north (behind), a row of insitu anvil stones (GS 09-03, -09-02 and 09-01, near to far) is visible in units 48N 2W and 50N 2W. To the east (right) of these, a flat grinding stone (GS 09-08) and an anvil stone (GS 09-06) can be seen insitu in units 48N 0W and 50N 0W. A pottery jar (NK 09-790) rests insitu in the center of unit 50N 0W. To the left of the archaeologist in the blue shirt (Abass Iddrisu), a flat grinding stone (GS 09-12) and a pot (NK 09-685) lidded with a grinding stone (GS 09-13) are visible on the boundary between units 50N 4-6W. Excavation units measure 2 x 2 meters. Site Ngre Kataa. 24 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17597; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19115
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 46N 2W
Date:: 2009-06-24
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Pottery; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-24
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

50. Iron projectile point fragment, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Partial iron projectile point, the tip of the head (left) broken off. The base of the head forms a right angle barb with the short tang. The tang (right) would have been inserted into a shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood to form an arrow. This point was found in an area (mound 7) that archaeologists interpret as a house mound. The artifact is corroded by rust. Scale in cm. Length: 9.1 cm. Weight: 13.6 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 4 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 7, Unit 10N 30E, Level 8
Date:: 2009-06-04
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-114
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-04
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

51. Iron disc, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Flat, thin iron disk (SF 09-159). The object is corroded by rust and its edges notched in two spots. Its function is unknown. The disc was found in a cluster (cluster D) with an iron bangle (SF 09-158) and two stones whose surfaces showed evidence of grinding. The cluster was part of a wider feature (clusters A-D) that archaeologists interpret as a shrine, which overlaid stratified deposits in a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). Scale in cm. Width: 8.1 cm. Thickness: .2 cm. Weight: 29.8 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19092; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19101
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 8W, Level 3. Piece plot: 194 cm S, 4 cm W, 85 cm bd.
Date:: 2009-06-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Iron; Artifacts (Antiquities); Archaeology
Identifier:: SF 09-159
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

52. Tri-looped iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A tri-looped iron bangle (SF 09-158). The bangle was formed from a single round iron rod, looped three times at the top (detail, left). The rod is joined with a single twist at the base, with each end of the rod overlaid by a thin iron strap (bottom), causing slight thickening on either side of the twisted base. The bangle was found in close association with a flat iron disc (SF 09-159) and two stones whose surfaces showed evidence of grinding (cluster D). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) in a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 8.5 cm. Weight: 30.2 g. Ngre Kataa. 9 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19092; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19099
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 8W, Level 3. Piece plot: 195 cm S, 22 cm W, 85 cm bd.
Date:: 2009-06-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-158
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

53. Insitu artifact cluster, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A large insitu anvil/grinding stone in an area interpreted by archaeologists as a metallurgical workshop (two views). It is associated with several smaller stones that show signs of use as grinding or hammer stones. On the northwest side of the large stone (GS 09-15) is a partial pottery vessel--unusual for its layered construction (NK 09-787). Sitting adjacent to the partial pot are two flat iron discs (larger one, above in photo 1, SF 09-370 and smaller, below in photo 1, SF 90-371). A smaller grinding stone (GS 09-24) sits northeast of the anvil stone, positioned with its grinding surface down. It rested on top of a pottery jar (NK 09-788) which was exposed in the next excavation level. An area of fire-hardened sediment to the southeast of the anvil stone (photo 2) is interpreted as part of a forging feature. Photo scale bar in 5 cm increments. Photo arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 4 July 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19104; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19103; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19102
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 6W, Level 7
Date:: 2009-07-04
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Iron; Pottery; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-07-04
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

54. Insitu grinding stone and jar, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: View from above of an insitu grinding stone (GS 08-03) and a pottery jar (NK 08-176) at the base of excavation level 3 in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The grinding stone has a concave upper surface, partly obscured by unexcavated soil. Roots and rootlets are visible on the right side of the photo. Photo stick marked in 5 cm increments. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 1 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19128
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 4W, Level 3
Date:: 2008-07-01
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone; Jar
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Pottery
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-01
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

55. Pottery jar, mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Photo of a globular pottery jar (NK 08-176) found in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The pot was found sitting next to a large grinding stone (GS 08-03). The jar's lip is slightly everted and its upper surface is undecorated. A horizontal band of contiguous diagonal impressions marked in alternating directions ("/\/\") appears above the jar's rounded shoulder. Its lower body and base are darkened and surface treated with fiber roulette impression. Rim diameter: 18cm at exterior lip. Vessel height (base to rim): 17 cm. Photo scale in cm. Site Ngre Kataa. 1 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19127
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 4W. Piece plot: 145-160 cm W, 12-30 cm S, 46-63 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-01
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Jar; Fiber roulette
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities); Pottery
Identifier:: NK 08-176
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-01
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

56. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Iron projectile point fragment. The elongated head (left) has a single barb at its base and a short tang (right). The point has been corroded by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 11.3 cm. Weight: 14 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 26 June 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 8, Unit 8N 127E, Level 14
Date:: 2008-06-26
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-024
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-06-26
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

57. In situ pottery and grinding stones, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Excavations in units 42N 4W and 44N 4W have exposed clusters of pottery, grinding stones, tuyeres and an area of burned soil associated with metal working at mound 6, Ngre Kataa. Foreground, bottom right, are a partial pottery jar (NK 08-520) and a small flat grinding stone (GS 08-12; partially visible). To the left (west), framed by photo scales, is a burned feature. Next to it sits a hand-held hammerstone (GS 08-11). Above (to the north), a cluster of pottery and a partial tuyere (NK 08-284) are visible along the boundary between excavation units (marked by stakes). To the right of that cluster (east), a grinding stone (GS 08-10) has been pedestaled where it was found, resting with its working surface face down. Two pottery vessels sit at a slightly lower level (NK 08-406). Top center of the photo, at the far end of the excavated area, a cluster of anvil stones is visible (GS 08-05 to 08) in excavation unit 46N 4W. Photo scale adjacent to burned feature marked in 5 cm intervals. View looking north. Site Ngre Kataa. 7 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19175; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17598; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19132; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19135
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 42-46N 4W, Level 2
Date:: 2008-07-05
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone; Anvil stone
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-05
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

58. In situ pottery, anvil and grinding stones, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Wide view of excavation unit 44N 6W in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. Lower left, below the unit's corner stake (44N 6W), the partial rim of an everted jar (NK 08-408) has been pedestaled. It rests with its rim down. Between it and a large anvil stone (GS 08-25, center photo) is a smaller light-colored stone (GS 08-21) and piece of a jar rim. Another jar rim (NK 08-409) has been pedestaled in place to the left (east) of the anvil stone. Behind the anvil stone, an everted-rim jar (NK 08-407, photo stick in front) has been partially exposed. In the unit's center, to the right of the anvil stone, the rounded edge of a burned feature is visible. To the right (west) and in front (north) of that, a photo scale sits alongside an iron projectile point (SF 08-112). The soil around it has been dampened to aid excavation (dark circular area). To its right (west) is another piece of a worn grinding stone (GS 08-20). Visible in the adjacent units (left, east) is a grindstone (GS 08-10) which has been pedestaled in place and to its right a cluster of pottery and a tuyere (NK 08-284). View looking south. Photo bar marked in 5 cm intervals. Site Ngre Kataa. 7 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19138
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 44N 6W, 70 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-05
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone; Jar
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-05
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

59. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 08-182) made by coiling a flat iron rod with thinned pointed ends. The bangle was found in association with pottery, other bangles and artifacts (cluster A). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) that capped a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 8.2 cm. Weight: 38.8 cm. Site Ngre Kataa. 15 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19143
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 46N 8W, Level 1. Piece plot: 0 cm S, 110-117 cm W, 36-38 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-15
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-182
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-15
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

60. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 08-183) made from a spiral-twisted round iron rod with overlapping ends. The bangle was found in association with pottery, other bangles and a dog cranium and jaws (cluster B). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) that capped a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 9.5 cm. Weight: 115.5 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 15 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19169
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 1. Piece plot: 112-122 cm S, 138-148 cm W, 37 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-15
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-183
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-15
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

61. Shrine cluster, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A pottery lid (NK 09-626) is positioned vertically with its interior surface facing south. Above it (slightly right) is a poorly preserved, friable dog skull. A large tree root has been truncated above and left of the pot lid. Beneath the lid is an iron bangle (SF 09-219), angled upward. The bangle is pressed up against a dog mandible, which has been placed at a diagonal angle below the pot lid, its mandibular joint oriented upward. Several teeth remain in the mandible. A burned feature can be seen immediately below this assemblage of objects. This cluster (B, 11) was part of a larger set of clusters (A-D) that archaeologists interpret as a shrine in a metallurgical workshop. Photo scale at top in cm. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 16 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Levels 4-5, Cluster 11
Date:: 2009-06-16
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Ornaments; Bangles; Dogs; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-16
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

62. Shrine cluster, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A fragmented pottery lid (NK 09-626) is positioned vertically with its interior surface facing south. A large tree root is visible behind the lid, below the sign board. A dog cranium positioned above and an iron bangle placed below the lid have been removed. Additional excavation has exposed several pottery rim sherds below a dog mandible, which is positioned diagonally below the pot lid with its mandibular joint oriented upward. Several teeth remain in the mandible. A second less well-preserved dog mandible has been exposed below this. A burned feature can be seen immediately below this assemblage of objects. This cluster (B, 11) was part of a larger set of clusters (A-D) that archaeologists interpret as a shrine in a metallurgical workshop. Photo scale marked in 5 cm increments. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 30 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19153;https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19155; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19195
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Levels 4-5, Cluster 11
Date:: 2009-06-30
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Dogs; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-30
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

63. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 09-219) made from a round iron rod, its ends fused to create a continuous circle. The bangle was found beneath a pottery lid in a composition that included a dog cranium and jaw bones (cluster B/11). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) in a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 7.6 cm. Weight: 26.8 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 16 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 5. Piece plot: 108-112 cm S, 137-144 cm W, 108-110 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-16
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-219
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-16
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

64. Anvil stone and burned feature, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An insitu anvil stone (GS 08-25) is surrounded by several fragmentary and one complete pottery vessel (NK08-407) in an area that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. At the top and center (southeast) is a cluster of sherds from a broken pot and a piece of a tuyere. In the lower right, to the west of the anvil stone and framed by photo scales, is a circular burned feature (Feature 2) with an outer ring of oxidized red sediment (Munsell 2.5YR 5/6) and a yellowish red (Munsell 5YR 4/6) center. Features similar to this appeared across this workshop area and may have been created by exposing rounded base containers to high heat. A yellow glass bead (SF 08-234) was found in the fill of a shallow feature characterized by ashy soil and charcoal located immediately south (lower right) of the burned feature. Black-and-white photo scale marked in 5 cm increments. View looking southeast. Site Ngre Kataa. 8 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19137; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19142
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 6W, Feature 2
Date:: 2008-07-08
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Tuyere
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery;
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-08
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

65. Yellow glass bead, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A barrel-shaped drawn glass bead (SF 08-234), opaque yellow in color. The bead is somewhat asymmetrical in shape and has angled ends. Compositional analysis of the bead (via LA-ICP-MS) showed it be made of mineral soda alumina (m-Na-Al) glass, probably produced in South Asia. The bead was found in the fill of a feature adjacent to a circular area of burned soil in a context (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. Scale in cm. Length: 4.6 mm. Weight: 0.18 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 17 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19141
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 6W, 78-91 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-17
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities); Glass beads; Ornaments
Identifier:: SF 08-234
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-17
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

66. Pottery bowl and iron bangles, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: The body and base of a large pottery bowl has been exposed by exavation in unit 46N 8W. Surrounding this bowl was a cluster of sherds from other pottery vessels, now removed to expose several iron bangles of different shapes and sizes, seen insitu here. Between the bowl and the photo scale is an iron bangle (SF NK 08-169) formed from a spiral-twisted rod. Pedestaled to the right of the bowl (east) is an iron bangle (SF NK 08-140) made from a round rod that was coiled. Visible in the wall behind and to the right of the bowl (north) is a smalled coiled iron bangle made from a flattened piece of iron (SF NK 08-182). This cluster (A) was part of a larger cluster (A-D) of artifacts that archaeologists interpret as a shrine placed in a metallurgical workshop. Rootlets are visible in the wall and floor of the unit. View looking north. Photo scale in 5 cm increments. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19144; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19145; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19147; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19148
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 46N 8W, Level 2
Date:: 2008-07-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Ornaments; Bangles; Metalworking; Shrines
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;
Coverage-Temporal:: Ngre Kataa
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

67. Base of a shrine cluster, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A tree that took root atop a shrine cluster has been cut back to a stump (center photo). Most of the objects in the shrine clusters (B-C) have been removed. To the left and below the tree stump, clusters of pottery (10 & 11) can be seen, including a red-colored pottery lid oriented vertically (cluster 11). An iron bangle, a dog cranium and dog mandibles were found associated with that lid. To the right (north) of the stump, a tri-looped iron bangle (SF 09-218) has been pedestaled (left of the black-and-white photo scale stick). The level above this had been covered by a cluster (cluster C) of pottery, including several pot lids, together with an iron bangle and a miniature pair of iron manacles. To the east and west, two large anvil stones are visible, one to the right (east) of the tree stump (GS 09-26) and one to the left (west, GS 09-32). To the left of the stump, a burned feature is visible below the pottery cluster (cluster 11). Photo scale bar marked in 5 cm increments. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 16 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19153; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19162
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 4
Date:: 2009-06-16
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Shrines; Ornaments; Bangles; Dogs; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-16
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

68. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 08-184) made by coiling a flattened iron rod, its ends rounded and overlapping. The bangle was found in association with pottery, other bangles and a dog cranium and jaws (cluster B). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) that capped a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 6.9 cm. Weight: 39.2 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 15 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 2. Piece plot: 121-127 cm S, 140-150 S, 53-58 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-15
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-184
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-15
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

69. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 09-147) fragment made from a flattened iron rod. The fragment is bent at an acute angle. It was found in association with a pottery lid, other pottery sherds, a dog cranium and jaw bones (cluster B). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) in a metallurgical workshop. The bangle fragment shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 7.1 cm. Weight: 9.3 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 2. Piece plot: 93 cm S, 144 cm W, 70-80 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-147
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

70. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 09-170) made from a round iron rod with flattened ends. The bangle is open on one side (3/4 circle). The bangle was found in association with pottery, other bangles and artifacts (cluster B). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) in a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 5 cm. Weight: 8.2 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19164; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19165
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 6. Piece plot: 98 cm S, 196 cm W, 79 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-170
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

71. Insitu anvil/grinding stones, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A cluster of four large insitu anvil/grinding stones in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The stone at the bottom of the photo (GS 08-06) was oriented with its grinding surface down (not, therefore, visible in the photo). The middle right stone (GS 08-07) also rested with its most-used grinding surface down. The largest stone (middle, left, GS 08-05) had no clear working surface. The stone at the back (GS 08-08) was associated with a fist-sized round quartz hammerstone, seen insitu slightly above. Later exavations (2009) revealed a perforated pot (NK 09-750), lidded with the base of another pot (NK 09-750), adjacent to but approximately 40 cm below this cluster in the next excavation unit. Photo scale in 5 cm increments. Arrow pointing north, view looking east. Site Ngre Kataa. 3 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17596
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 46N 4W, Level 3
Date:: 2008-07-03
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone; Anvil stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-03
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

72. Burned feature and stone hammer, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A small round stone (GS 08-11) rests insitu next to an irregularly shaped area of burned fire-hardened sediment in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The stone has wear consistent with use as a hammerstone. The burned sediment was next to a circular area of soil that showed signs of oxidation through exposure to high heat. A small piece of copper alloy metal lies at the edge of the fire-hardened sediment, to the left of the hammerstone and above the right site of the photo stick. The feature is likely associated with forging activities. Photo scale at bottom marked in 5 cm intervals. View from above, north at top of photo. Site Ngre Kataa. 5 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17598; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19176
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 42N 4W, Level 2
Date:: 2008-07-05
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-05
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

73. Everted-rim pottery jar, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Photo of a pottery jar with a slightly everted rim (NK 08-406), found insitu in an area that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. Above its rounded shoulder, the jar's surface is undecorated, with the possible exception of traces of red pigment in some areas. The jar's shoulder is decorated with a band of circular punctates interspersed with cross-hatched designs, repeated twice around the jar's circumference. Its base and lower body are surface treated with cord roulette in a zone bounded by a band of diagonal impressions which create a zigzag design ("/\/\"). The jar is fire-clouded in zones across its surface. The jar was found in the vicinty of a grinding stone (GS 08-10), a partial tuyere (NK 08-284) and a burned feature. Rim diameter at exterior lip: 20 cm. Vessel height: 19 cm. Site Ngre Kataa. 15 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17598
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 42N 4W. Piece plot: 39-56 cm S, 37-55 cm W, 66-81 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-15
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Jar; Punctate; Cord roulette
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Pottery; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: NK 08-406
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-15
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

74. Pottery bowl and iron bangles, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: The body and base of a large pottery bowl has been exposed by exavation in unit 46N 8W. Surrounding this bowl was a cluster of sherds from other pottery vessels, now removed to expose several iron bangles of different shapes and sizes, seen insitu here. At the base of the photo, center, is an iron bangle (SF NK 08-169) formed from a spiral-twisted rod. Pedestaled to the right of the bowl (east) is an iron bangle (SF NK 08-140) made from a round rod that was coiled. Visible in the wall behind and to the right of the bowl (north; above the photo scale) is a small coiled iron bangle made from a flattened piece of iron (SF NK 08-182). A smaller bangle-like artifact lies directly above the pot, center photo (north; SF 08-139). This area (cluster A) was part of a larger cluster (clusters A-D) of artifacts that archaeologists interpret as a shrine placed in a metallurgical workshop. Rootlets are visible in the wall and floor of the unit. View from above, north at top of photo. Photo scale in cm increments. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19143; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19145; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19146; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19148
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 46N 8W, Level 2
Date:: 2008-07-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Ornaments; Bangles; Metalworking; Shrines
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

75. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 08-140) made by coiling a round iron rod with thinned pointed ends. The bangle was found in association with pottery, other bangles and artifacts (cluster A). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) that capped a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 8.8 cm. Weight: 40 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19179; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19143; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19222
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 46N 8W, Level 1. Piece plot: 30-37 cm S, 97-105 cm W, 28-50 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-140
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

76. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 08-139) made by coiling a flat iron rod. One end is pointed, the other squared. The bangle was found in association with pottery, other bangles and artifacts (cluster A). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) that capped a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 6.1 cm. Weight: 21.3 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19144
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 46N 8W, Level 2. Piece plot: 2-7 cm S, 132-135 cm W, 50-60 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-139
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

77. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 08-169) made from a round iron rod that has been spiral-twisted. The bangle's ends are flattened and overlap slightly. The bangle was found in association with pottery, other bangles and artifacts (cluster A). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) that capped a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 9.1 cm. Weight: 96.8 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 14 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19143
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 46N 8W, Level 2. Piece plot: 59-68 cm S, 118-127 cm W. 53 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-14
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-169
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-14
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

78. Insitu iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A triangular-headed iron projectile point (SF 08-112a) exposed insitu in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The point's long tang (left) is bent in a way that made it unusable. The soil around the point has been moistened by excavators to facilitate excavation. The point was found in the vicinity of burned features and anvil stones. Photo scale in cm. View looking south. Site Ngre Kataa. 7 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19137
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 6W, Level 3. Piece plot: 67-71 cm S, 142-156 cm W, 66 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-07
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-112a
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-07
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

79. Iron projectile point, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A triangular-headed iron projectile point (SF 08-112a) with barbs at the head's base (left) and a long tang (right). The tang is bent, making it unusable. To make an arrow (snini in Nafaanra), the long tang would be inserted into a straight shaft made of bamboo, reed or lightweight wood. The point was exposed insitu in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. It was found in the vicinity of burned features and anvil stones. The point shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 9.8 cm. Weight: 10.2 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 7 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19138; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19137
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 44N 6W, Level 3. Piece plot: 67-71 cm S, 142-156 cm W, 66 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-07
Location(s) Facet:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Projectile points; Iron; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-112a
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-07
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

80. Burned features in a metalworking area, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An arc of orange-red burned features has been exposed in excavation units 46N 8W and 48N 8W in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. To the left (west), the body and base of a large pottery bowl (NK 08-522) has been pedestaled insitu. A number of iron bangles surrounded this bowl (cluster A) as part of a large shrine cluster that extended into adjacent units (where the trunk of a small tree is visible, upper left). The base of this cluster was about 20-30 cm above the burned basins exposed in this photo. Center photo, flanked by photo scales, the round rim of a pottery jar is visible in outline. To the right (east) of the burned features, two hammerstones rest insitu next to one another. To the north of the burned features (forward right of the sign board), a zone of white plaster-like sediment is visible. Far right, archaeologist Abass Iddrisu uses a trowel to expose the contours of burned sediment in an adjacent excavation unit. Red and white scale is two meters in length. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 17 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19170; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19178
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Units 46-48N 8W, 70 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-17
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking; Shrines
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-17
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Depicted:: Abass Idrisu
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

81. Insitu grinding stone, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A large grinding stone (GS 08-04) rests insitu along the south edge of unit 48N 4W in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The stone's visible surface is concave in profile, a result of use. The surface that is oriented face down exhibited greater wear from grinding. The white marks on the stone's upper surface were created by excavators' tools as they dug. A piece of copper alloy rod (greenish in color, SF 08-53) is visible insitu in soil below the center of the grindstone. Root fragments are seen in the surrounding soil. Photo scale in cm. View looking south. Site Ngre Kataa. 1 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19130
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 4W, Level 4
Date:: 2008-07-01
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Copper alloy
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-01
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

82. Slag and copper alloy rod, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A small piece of slag (top) and a copper alloy ( brass) rod fragment (bottom, SF 08-053). The greenish hue of the rod is a product of weathering. These artifacts were found next to one another in unit 48N 4W in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. They were found adjacent to and below a large grinding stone (GS 08-04). Site Ngre Kataa. 1 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19129
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 4W, Level 4. Piece plot 178 cm S, 142 cm W, 54 cm bd.
Date:: 2008-07-01
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Slag
Subjects Facet:: Copper alloys; Artifacts (Antiquities); Archaeology
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-01
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

83. Insitu anvil/grinding stones and burned feature, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Looking eastward over excavation unit 48N 10W toward unit 48N 8W in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop, a series of anvil/grinding stones have been left in place and a burned feature exposed. Foreground, right, a large anvil stone (GS 09-33) rests atop another stone (GS 09-34). To the right (south), the circular rim of an everted-rim jar has been left in place. To the left (north) is a zone of darker ashy soil flecked with charcoal. Center photo is an anvil stone (GS 09-32), against which a partial elephant tusk--now removed--was found resting. Behind this stone is a tree root and base of a tree stump. The area from this stone (GS 09-32) and extending beyond the stump had been covered with artifacts (clusters B-D, now removed) that archaeologists interpret as a large shrine feature. Some of these artifacts were superimposed directly over the amorphous orange-red burned feature (center photo), which was likely created by high heat associated with forging metals. Other smaller stones have been left in place across the unit. Photo scales marked in 5 cm increments, arrows pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 4 July 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19171
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Units 48N 10W, 48 N 8W, Level 4
Date:: 2009-07-04
Location(s) Facet:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone; Jar
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Pottery; Metalworking; Forging
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-07-04
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

84. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 08-184) made by coiling a flattened iron rod, its ends rounded and overlapping. The bangle was found in association with a concentration of artifacts, including pottery, other iron bangles, a dog skull and jaw bones (cluster B), that archaeologists interpret as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D). This feature capped stratigraphic layers in a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 6.9 cm. Weight: 39.2 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 15 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19149
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 2. Piece plot: 121-127 cm S, 140-150 S, 53-58 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-15
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 08-184
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-15
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

85. Burned features in a metalworking area, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An arc of orange-red burned features has been exposed in excavation units 46N 8W and 48N 8W in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. To the left (west), the body and base of a large pottery bowl (NK 08-522) has been pedestaled insitu. A number of iron bangles surrounded this bowl (cluster A) as part of a large shrine cluster (A-D) that extended into adjacent units (where the trunk of a small tree is visible, above left of the sign board). The base of this cluster was about 20-30 cm above the burned basins exposed in this photo. The everted rim of a pottery jar visible in the north wall of the excavation unit (top left) was part of an adjacent cluster (B) that also included iron bangles (SF 08-183 & 184). Center photo, flanked by a photo scale, the round rim of a pottery jar is visible in outline. To the right (east) of the burned features, two hammerstones rest insitu next to one another. To the north of the burned features (forward right of the sign board), a zone of white plaster-like sediment is visible. Red and white scale is two meters in length. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 17 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19180; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19140; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19178; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19149; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19169
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Units 46-48N 8W, 70 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-17
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking; Shrines
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-17
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

86. Insitu pottery and grinding stones, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: View looking northward of early stage excavations at mound 6, Ngre Kataa, an area that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. Center view is of units 42-48N 4W. In foreground, excavations in units 42N 4W and 44N 4W ave exposed clusters of pottery, a grinding stones, tuyeres and an area of burned soil associated with metal working. Foreground, bottom right, are a partial pottery jar (NK 08-520) and to its right (east) a small flat grinding stone (GS 08-12; ). To the left (west), framed by photo scales, is a burned feature. Next to it sits a hand-held hammerstone (GS 08-11). Above (to the north), a cluster of pottery and a partial tuyere (NK 08-284) are visible along the boundary between excavation units (marked by stakes). To the right of that cluster (east), a grinding stone (GS 08-10) has been pedestaled where it was found, resting with its working surface face down. A whole pottery vessel sit at a slightly lower level (NK 08-406) a short distance away (south east). Top center of the photo, at the far end of the excavated area, a cluster of anvil stones is visible (GS 08-05 to 08) in excavation unit 46N 4W. Excavations in the adjacent unit (46N 2W) in 2009 revealed a perforated shrine pot resting at a slightly lower level next to these stones. Photo scale adjacent to burned feature marked in 5 cm intervals. View looking north. Site Ngre Kataa. 5 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19136; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17598; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19132; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19135
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 42-48N 4W, Level 2
Date:: 2008-07-05
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-05
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

87. Burned feature and stone hammer, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: A small round stone (GS 08-11) rests insitu next to an irregularly shaped area of burned fire-hardened sediment in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The stone has wear consistent with use as a hammerstone. The burned sediment was next to a circular area of soil that showed signs of oxidation through exposure to high heat. A small piece of copper alloy metal lies at the edge of the fire-hardened sediment, to the right (west) of the hammerstone. The feature is likely associated with forging activities. The narrow dark lines in the soil are traces of animal burrowing activity. Photo scale by sign board in cm increments. View from above, arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 7 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19132; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19175
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 42N 4W, Level 2
Date:: 2008-07-07
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-07
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

88. In situ pottery and tuyere, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Excavations on the south edge of unit 44N 4W have exposed a cluster of insitu pottery and a tuyere fragment in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. Foreground, broken pieces of a pottery jar lie with their exterior surfaces facing down. Behind them and left rests a tuyere fragment (NK 08-284), its circular cross-section visible in front of the sign board. To the right (west) of this cluster is an area of dark reddened soil, one of many examples of burned soil in this area where metals were worked. This diffuse area of reddened soil extended underneath the sherd cluster, center photo. To the right, embedded in the balk behind the north arrow (to its south), the tip of a partial iron point (SF 08-159) is visible (right of the circular patch of dark soil). Photo scale in front marked in cm. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-17598
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 44 N 4W, Level 3
Date:: 2008-07-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking; Tuyere
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

89. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: An iron"bangle" (SF 09-173) made from a flattened iron rod with rounded ends. The bangle is open on one side (1/2 circle). The bangle was found as part of a carefully laid set of objects that included an iron disc (SF 09-172) and iron spike (SF 09-174) among other artifacts (cluster B). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) in a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 5 cm. Weight: 10 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19164; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19163; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19166
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 6. Piece plot: 194 cm S, 178 cm W, 85 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-173
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

90. Iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: An iron bangle (SF 09-148) made from a round iron rod that has been spiral-twisted. Its ends overlap and are rounded. The bangle was found placed on the inside surface of a pottery jar resting next to a pair of miniature iron manacles (SF 09-171), around which were other pottery rims and lids (cluster C). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) in a metallurgical workshop. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 8.1 cm. Weight: 89.9 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19080
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 3. Piece plot: 52 cm S, 80 cm W, 70-80 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-148
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-09
Genre Facet:: Digtial image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

91. Tri-looped iron bangle, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A tri-looped iron bangle (SF 09-218) made from a continuous round iron rod. A detail of the triple loop is shown, right. The bangle ends are thickened and held together by a wire clasp. The bangle was found beneath a cluster (cluster C) of pottery, which archaeologists interpret as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) in a metallurgical workshop. It rested in soil about 10 cm below a pedestal-handled pottery lid (NK 09-381) that was part of cluster C. The bangle shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 10.8 cm. Weight: 26.3 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 16 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19156
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 3. Piece plot: 39-47 cm S, 112-122 cm W, 90 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-16
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Ornaments; Bangles; Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-218
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-16
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

92. Iron spike, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: Two views of a large iron spike (SF 09-174) found as part of a carefully laid set of objects that included an iron disc (SF 09-172) and an iron bangle (SF 09-173), among other artifacts (cluster B). Archaeologists interpret this context as part of a larger shrine feature (clusters A-D) in a metallurgical workshop. One side of the spike (lower image) is rounded in profile. On the opposite side (upper image), the spike has been flattened (right side) and its edges curved inward, perhaps to form a casing for a haft. The spike shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Length: 16.5 cm. Weight: 52.3 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19164; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19160; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19166
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 3. Piece plot: 194 cm S, 188 cm W, 91 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-174
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Commentary:: Composite photo made using Adobe Photoshop 2020
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

93. Burned features in a metalworking area, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An arc of orange-red burned features is being revealed by excavations in units 46N 8W and 48N 8W in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. To the left (west), the body and base of a large pottery bowl (NK 08-522) has been pedestaled insitu. A number of iron bangles surrounded this bowl (cluster A) as part of a large shrine cluster that extended into adjacent units (where the everted jar rim is visible in the north wall, upper left). The base of this cluster was about 20-30 cm above the burned basins exposed in this photo. To the north of the burned features (forward right of the sign board), a zone of white plaster-like sediment is visible. Far right, archaeologist Abass Iddrisu uses a trowel to expose the contours of burned sediment in an adjacent excavation unit. Red and white scale is two meters in length. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 16 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19170
Date:: 2008-07-16
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking; Shrines
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-16
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

94. Anvil and grinding stones in a metallurgical workshop, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A boulder used an an anvil stone (GS 09-03) sits insitu, center photo, in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. The surface facing the camera is worn flat and smooth from use. Its upper surface shows depressions created by use. Behind this boulder is a flat grinding stone (GS 09-04) with a very worn upper surface. Another boulder (GS 09-02) is visible left (north). Behind it the pedestal base of a pot is visible along the adjacent unit's southern edge. The moistened soil in front of the sign board marked by two orange pin flags marks the find spot of an iron point (SF 09-033). Photo scale along unit edge measures two meters. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 30 May 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19122; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19089
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 2W, Level 4-5
Date:: 2009-05-30
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Anvil stone; Grinding stone
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-05-30
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

95. Burned feature, unit 50N 2W, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A vertical bank of orange-colored fire-hardened soil abuts a cluster of stones in what archaeologists interpret as a forge feature in a metallurgical workshop. The furnace feature occupied the northwest corner of the excavation unit. In the southern haf of the 2x2 m unit were large boulders used as anvil/grinding stones (GS 09-01 and 09-02). A tree root is visible along the base of the unit's western wall (left). Photo scale by burned feature marked in cm. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 1 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19122
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 50N 2W, Level 4
Date:: 2009-06-01
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Metalworking; Furnaces
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-01
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

96. Shrine cluster, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A group of insitu artifacts interpreted by archaeologists as a shrine cluster, located in a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). The cluster included a partial everted-jar rim (center), in front of which (north) was a carefully placed group of iron objects, including a flattened iron disc (SF 09-172) standing on edge, a long spike (SF 09-174) positioned horizontally, on top of which rested a half bangle (SF 09-173). To the right (west) of the jar rim is another iron bangle (SF 90-170). These objects are surrounded by broken pieces of pottery. This cluster (B, 8-10) was part of a larger grouping of objects (clusters A-D) that archaeologists interpret as a shrine feature that capped a metallurgical workshop. View looking south. Photo scale marked in 5 cm increments. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19160; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19163; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19165; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19166
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 48N8W, Level 3
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Pottery; Bangles; Ornaments; Shrines
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

97. Shrine cluster, Mound 6, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A group of insitu artifacts interpreted by archaeologists as a shrine cluster, located in a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). The cluster included a partial everted-jar rim (upper right), in front of which (north) was a carefully placed group of iron objects, including a flattened iron disc (SF 09-172) standing on edge, a long spike (SF 09-174) positioned horizontally, on top of which rested a half bangle (SF 09-173). To the right (west) of the jar rim is another iron bangle (SF 90-170). To the right of this, surrounded by moistened soil, the edge of a large grinding stone (GS 09-32) is visible. Surrounding these objects are broken pieces of pottery. This cluster (B, 8-10) was part of a larger grouping of objects (clusters A-D) that archaeologists interpret as a shrine feature that capped a metallurgical workshop. Arrow pointing north, view from above. Photo scale marked in 5 cm increments. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19164; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19159
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, 48N8W, Level 3
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Archaeology; Pottery; Bangles; Ornaments; Shrines
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

98. Iron disc, Ngre Kataa, 2009

Description:: A slightly curved iron disc (SF 09-172). It was found positioned upright among a carefully placed set of objects in what archaeologists interpret as a shrine feature in a metallurgical workshop. A large iron spike (SF 09-174) and an iron bangle (SF 09-173) sat next to it. The disc shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Its function is unknown, though it may be a tool preform. The disc shows signs of corrosion by rusting. Scale in cm. Width: 10.7 cm. Weight: 89.8 g. Site Ngre Kataa. 10 June 2009.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19164; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19163; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19160
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 48N 8W, Level 3. Piece plot: 197 cm S, 178 cm W, 84 cm bd
Date:: 2009-06-10
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects:: Iron tool
Subjects Facet:: Iron; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Identifier:: SF 09-172
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2009
Date searchable:: 2009-06-10
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

99. Burned features in a metalworking area, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: An area of orange-red burned features has been exposed in excavation units 46N 8W and 48N 8W in an area (mound 6) that archaeologists interpret as a metallurgical workshop. Left, back (west), the body and base of a large pottery bowl (NK 08-522) has been pedestaled insitu. A number of iron bangles surrounded this bowl (cluster A) as part of a large shrine cluster (A-D) that extended into adjacent units. The everted jar rim visible in the north wall of the excavation (upper right) was part of this wider set (cluster B). The base of these clusters was about 20-30 cm above the burned basins exposed in this photo, which were likely associated with metal forging. Center photo, flanked by a photo scale, the round rim of a pottery jar is visible in outline. To the north of the burned features (right, foreground), a zone of white plaster-like sediment is visible. Red and white scale is two meters in length. Arrow pointing north. Site Ngre Kataa. 17 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19170
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Units 46-48N 8W, 70 cm bd
Date:: 2008-07-17
Location(s) Facet:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111
Subjects Facet:: Archaeology; Excavations (Archaeology); Pottery; Metalworking; Shrines
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-17
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

100. Excavating a shrine feature, Ngre Kataa, 2008

Description:: Archaeologist Ben Nutor uses a trowel to scrape soil from around a cluster of objects that archaeologists interpret as a shrine feature (cluster A) in a metallurgical workshop (mound 6). An orange flag marks the location of an iron bangle (SF 08-140), the first of four that were found surrounding the large pottery bowl (NK 08-522) seen partially exposed in front of Nutor. An iron headpan used to carry dirt for screening sits nearby. Site Ngre Kataa. 9 July 2008.
Rights:: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Publisher:: University of Victoria Libraries
Relation:: https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19145; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19143; https://exhibits.library.uvic.ca/spotlight/iaff/catalog/17-19222
Provenance:: Ngre Kataa, Mound 6, Unit 46N 8W, Level 1
Date:: 2008-07-09
Location(s) Facet:: Ngre Kataa
Subjects Facet:: Excavations (Archaeology); Ornaments; Bangles; Shrines; Archaeology; Artifacts (Antiquities)
Creator:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Date searchable:: 2008
Date searchable:: 2008-07-09
Genre Facet:: Digital image
Format:: Image
Source:: Dr. Ann B. Stahl
Location(s):: Ngre Kataa;8.11277778, -2.30611111
People Depicted:: Ben Nutor
Sketchfab Uid:
Geographic Coordinates:: 8.11277778, -2.30611111

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