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Humans, History and Ecology in Galápagos
The Hacienda El Progreso
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The Commisary at Hacienda El Progreso in 1905
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Grazing Cows at El Canopy, San Cristóbal, in 2016
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The Government House on Hacienda El Progreso in 1905
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Hacienda El Progreso Dance Hall
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Hacienda El Progreso, with Deputy, Manuel A. Cobos and Accountant, 1919
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The Landscape Surrounding Hacienda El Progreso in 1905
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The Dock and Decauville Rail in Puerto Chico, 1919
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Portrait of Jose Monroy in 1878
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Triple Effect Vacuum Evaporator, Hacienda El Progreso
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Hacienda El Progreso, with Deputy, Manuel A. Cobos and Accountant, 1919
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Worker's Quarters, Hacienda El Progreso, 1919
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Datura Grove Near La Cárcel, El Progreso, San Cristóbal, 2016
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Invasive Vegetation, Road to La Soledad, San Cristóbal, in 2014
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A Family of Village Residents in Hacienda El Progreso
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Lighthouse-keeper's Residence, Puerto Chico 1919
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Manuel J. Cobos in Field Dress
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Thomas Lewis, Puerto Chico 1919
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La Cárcel under Invasive Vegetation, El Progreso, San Cristóbal, 2014
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The Hacienda Pier in Puerto Chico
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The Hacienda Prisoners on the dock in 1905
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Rat Traps Set on Farmland, Santo Tomás, Isabela Island, in 2016
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The four lifeboats were tied together in pairs, and the work of unloading the 14 prefabricated houses could begin.
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View of the Worker's Houses, Hacienda El Progreso in 1888
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Like the rest of the village on San Cristóbal, the Progreso sugar factory was founded by Manuel J. Cobos. When it was built in the 1880s, the factory was very modern.
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Two of the original Campo Noruega houses were later reassembled as one large house.
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Close-up of Women at Mess-hall, Hacienda El Progreso, 1888
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Hacienda El Progreso, with Deputy, Manuel A. Cobos and Accountant, 1919
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It was about 10 kilometers (6 miles) inland from the coast up to the plateau where Campo Noruego was to be established. To begin with, they used the tractor to transport equipment, but soon found out that it was cheaper and quicker to hire local men with teams of oxen to do the job instead. The carts were brought along from Norway.
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Port Official and Soldiers on Chatham Island in 1905
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Hacienda El Progreso, with Deputy, Manuel A. Cobos and Accountant, 1919
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Exotic Fruits on Display at Campo Noruego 1927
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Close-up of the Workers and Spilt-cane House, Hacienda El Progreso in 1905
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Hacienda El Progreso, with Deputy, Manuel A. Cobos and Accountant, 1919
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Portrait of Sr. Leonardo Reina
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Shooting Cattle and Drying Meat, Black Beach, Floreana Island, 1905
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The "Manuel J. Cobos" Re-Christened as the "San Cristóbal"
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Communal Mess-hall, and Worker's Houses, Hacienda El Progreso
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View of the Worker's Houses, Hacienda El Progreso in 1933/34
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Cook at Meat Hunters Camp, Black Beach Floreana Island, 1905
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Portrait of Manuel J. Cobos in 1878
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View of the Worker's Houses, Hacienda El Progreso in 1905
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Interior Plan of the Government House in 1904
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The village of Progreso is 300 meters above sea-level on Isla San Cristóbal. In the mid-1920s it had about 300 inhabitants.
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Manuel J. Cobos' Hacienda House, Hacienda El Progreso in 1888
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Viaje Presidencial, Población de San Cristóbal (Chatham)
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Manuel J. Cobos' Hacienda House, Hacienda El Progreso in 1888
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Chatham Island Locals c. 1898
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The schooner Manuel J. Cobos named after Progreso's founder, moored along the jetty in Wreck Bay.
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The store in Progreso belonged to Alvarado and Cobos. Practically all workers on the island received their wages from the same gentlemen.
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One Sucre Monetary Note Issued by Hacienda El Progreso in 1905
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View of the Worker's Houses, Hacienda El Progreso in 1888
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Manuel A. Cobos welcomes the Albemarle expedition to Galápagos. He strongly urges them to make San Cristóbal their terminal station.
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Coral Sand Flat Back of Landing Beach, Wreck Bay Chatham Island
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El Progreso Plantation of Rogerio Alvarado, San Cristóbal, Galápagos
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Monetary Note and Coins Issued by Hacienda El Progreso in 1905
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When Albemarle sailed back to Panamá, Harry Randall moved in with Manuel A. Cobos. Nearly every day he went riding with his host.
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The Wreck Bay pier in 1938
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Chatham Island c. 1930s
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Interior Plan of the Hacienda House in 1904
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Rogerio Alvarado was married to Josefina, Manuel A. Cobos' older sister. He lived most of the time in Guayaquil.
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View of Worker's House, Hacienda El Progreso in 1888
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El Progreso in 1947
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Paul Bruun was captain of the Manuel J. Cobos for about 18 months before he started trading with the Norge. The island community was dependent on the old schooner to obtain provisions from the continent. Delays and fuel shortages proved fatal for Bruun, her former skipper. When this photo was taken in 1934, the schooner had been re-named San Cristóbal.
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Manuel J. Cobos poses with Workers, Hacienda El Progreso in 1888
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When Jens Aschehoug and Per Bang visited Galápagos in 1922, the steam-powered sugar factory was in full operation, but decay had set in.
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Galapagos. Plantation. Ethnology, 1888. Chatham Isd.
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Manuel A. Cobos (4th from left) invites the Floreana party for sight-seeing at the sugar factory. Cobos wears a broad-rimmed hat, riding breeches and a revolver holster across his chest.
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Manuel J. Cobos poses with Workers, Hacienda El Progreso in 1888
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Hacienda El Progreso's Bodega at Puerto Chico in 1905
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The local matazarno tree was excellent for house construction, but trunks of this size are not to be found in Galápagos. Photo is probably of a mainland tree.
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Chatham Island c. 1930s
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The Handling of the Hacienda Prisoners in 1905
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The view looking towards Wreck Bay shows the rails leading to the pier, and what was for a long time the archipelago's only lighthouse. “Johnson from London” lived in the shack next to the light.
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Left: Manuel A. Cobos and Dagfinn on horseback, Progresso. Right: Karin, Tony, Dagfinn and Manuel Cobos. The photograph was taken in 1933 and was sent to friends Ruth and Alf Ødegård who, at that time, were back in Norway. The picture does not reveal anything about the great finanical crash which had already ruined both Manuel and his brother-in-law, Rogerio Alvarado.
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Hacienda El Progreso, Main Street in 1905
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Accounting Office and Armchair inside the Hacienda House
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Bacalao, coffee, sugar, yucca flour, corn and cattle were the most important export products on San Cristóbal. Here, the Manuel J. Cobos is loaded with sacks from the trolleys on the long pier at Wreck Bay.
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The Government House on Hacienda El Progreso in 1905
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Locally Harvested Invasive Cedar at the El Progreso Carpentry, 2016
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Great class distinction, racial prejudice, language problems and religious barriers made communication between Norwegians and local residents difficult in San Cristóbal. Upon their arrival in Galápagos, the Norwegian colonists were quite unprepared for these problems.
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The Cemetery at Puerto Chico in 1905
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Karin and Manuel Cobos with two-year old Dagfinn, Wreck Bay, 1932.
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The romantic Karin revealed herself also as a woman with great willpower. In 1945 she was overwhelmed with marital problems, obligations as a mother of six, and financial difficulties. She and Manuel separated. With the help of the children and their father, she established her own cattle ranch. In 1952 she moved into the first “Pampa Mia” near Progreso.
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The Hacienda Sugar Mill in 1905
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1983 was an extremely wet El Niño year, and two years later Galápagos experienced one of the worst droughts in memory. But Snefrid (82) and Karin (77) on “Pampa Mia” hold their own for they know that the pendulum will soon swing back to normal.
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Feral Goats above Hacienda La Tranquila, La Soledad, San Cristóbal, in 2014
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