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Start Over Date 1927 Location(s) galapagos island

1. The four lifeboats were tied together in pairs, and the work of unloading the 14 prefabricated houses could begin.

Description:
The 14 prefabricated houses of Campo Noruega were shipped to San Cristóbal by boat. Through negotiations with Manuel A. Cobos and Rogerio Alvarado, each Norwegian settler received 20 ha of land, free rent for two years, commissary credit, and cheap access to labor and draught animals.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Housing; Transportation
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo by Robert Ødegård in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos. Oslo: Grodahl & Son; Photo courtesy Robert Ødegård;

2. Two of the original Campo Noruega houses were later reassembled as one large house.

Description:
A third Norwegian colonization of Galápagos with 83 women, men, and children (counting 5 crew members) left Oslo in September 1926 to settle Campo Noruego where 14 prefabricated highland houses were erected on San Cristóbal, primarily for agricultural pursuits.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Housing; Food crops
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos. Oslo: Grodahl & Son; Photo courtesy Robert Ødegård;

3. It was about 10 kilometers (6 miles) inland from the coast up to the plateau where Campo Noruego was to be established. To begin with, they used the tractor to transport equipment, but soon found out that it was cheaper and quicker to hire local men with teams of oxen to do the job instead. The carts were brought along from Norway.

Description:
Norwegian colonists arrived on Floreana Island in 1925 and were invited to San Cristobal Island in September 1926. By 1928, only 14 remained in Campo Noruego. This photograph shows their equipment delivered via oxen-drawn cart, the same means of conveyance used by the hacienda to deliver products to its Bodega on the coast at Puerto Chico.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Transportation; Cattle
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo by Robert Ødegård in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son;

4. Exotic Fruits on Display at Campo Noruego 1927

Description:
Norwegian colonists arrived on Floreana Island in 1925 and were invited to San Cristobal Island in September 1926. Karl and Ragna Aune from Malvik display a selection of exotic fruits and vegetables. In the background is Karl's 73 year old mother, Kirsten. To the right is Einar Austlid, a teacher from Ørsta who lived with the Aune family in the newly-constructed house at Campo Noruego.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Housing; Food crops
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Elinar Austlid in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos. Oslo: Grodahl & Son;

5. The village of Progreso is 300 meters above sea-level on Isla San Cristóbal. In the mid-1920s it had about 300 inhabitants.

Description:
This view of the worker's quarters in the village of El Progreso was taken some time around 1927 during the Norwegian colonisation. The view is West to East from the original Hacienda house area. Cerro San Joaquin is barely visible in the top left. The surrounding landscape at this time remains relatively open.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Housing; Agricultural Lands
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos. Oslo: Grodahl & Son; Photo courtesy Robert Ødegård;

6. The schooner Manuel J. Cobos named after Progreso's founder, moored along the jetty in Wreck Bay.

Description:
Products were moved between the islands and mainland on two boats, the “Manuel J. Cobos” and “Josefina Cobos.” Both are variously referred to as a sloop (balandra) or pilot’s boat (pailebote), a smaller double masted schooner. Mention is made of seven boats in all, including the 80 ton “Feliz Porvenir.”
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Transportation
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands); Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands); Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo courtesy of Anne Falk-Rønne in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son;

7. The store in Progreso belonged to Alvarado and Cobos. Practically all workers on the island received their wages from the same gentlemen.

Description:
The Hacienda El Progreso included a warehouse, bakery, and store, which Nicolas Martínez (1915:39) tells us had all articles to be desired, including wines, liquors, and preserves. This image suggests that a building in the village was still functioning as a store in the 1920s.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Stores-Retail
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo by Robert Ødegård in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son;

8. Manuel A. Cobos welcomes the Albemarle expedition to Galápagos. He strongly urges them to make San Cristóbal their terminal station.

Description:
The Norwegian ferro-concrete ship "Albermarle" left Oslo on September 2, 1926 with 78 settlers bound for Galápagos. The colonisation scheme was organized by Harry Randall (originally Petersen). Orginially planning to colonize Floreana, they eventually negotiated with Rogerio Alvarado and Manuel A. Cobos to settle on San Cristóbal.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Transportation
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo by Robert Ødegård in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son; 1927 Campo Noruego;

9. When Albemarle sailed back to Panamá, Harry Randall moved in with Manuel A. Cobos. Nearly every day he went riding with his host.

Description:
Harry Randall (originally Petersen) organized the largest colonisation scheme of Norwegians in Galápagos. Eventually negotiating with Rogerio Alvarado and Manuel A. Cobos to settle on San Cristóbal, Randall discovered that neither held any legal claim to lands or cattle. Nevertheless, the scourge of red ants and pigs devastated their temperate crops, and by 1930 few of the Norwegian settlers remained; a few relocated to Santa Cruz.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Transportation
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo courtesy Sylvia Randall in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son; 1927 Campo Noruego;

10. Rogerio Alvarado was married to Josefina, Manuel A. Cobos' older sister. He lived most of the time in Guayaquil.

Description:
At the time of her father’s death Josefina Cobos was living in Guayaquil and married to Rogerio Alvarado who assumed control of El Progreso in 1909. He, immediately announced ambitious plans to colonize other islands, introduced his own currency, and laid claim to the entire island, as the hacienda was being encroached upon by ex-peons and colonists. Alvarado’s business dealings quickly placed El Progreso into debt with mainland banks and Guayaquil businessman Lorenzo Tous.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands);
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo by Robert Ødegård in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos. Oslo: Grodahl & Son;

11. The local matazarno tree was excellent for house construction, but trunks of this size are not to be found in Galápagos. Photo is probably of a mainland tree.

Description:
Native Matazarno, a tree or shrub that can grow up to 15 m in height is highly valued for its hard inner wood and preservative properties. It is likely that Matazarno was used from the early years of Galápagos colonization as the main source of timber for construction materials. Various photographs of Hacienda El Progreso taken during the 1888 visit by the USS Albatross show large pieces of Matazarno trunks forming the structures of some plantation facilities, the main house, and parts of the worker’s houses.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Building; Housing
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son, Photo courtesy Robert Ødegård.

12. The view looking towards Wreck Bay shows the rails leading to the pier, and what was for a long time the archipelago's only lighthouse. “Johnson from London” lived in the shack next to the light.

Description:
In 1905, Puerto Chico consisted of a warehouse, plantation manager’s house, a few simple homes, the Wreck Bay light (a lantern atop a lengthy bamboo pole) and the light keeper’s house. Martínez (1915:43) mentions a small guard house, cabin for the ship’s captain, and a vast warehouse for El Progreso’s products.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Stores-Retail; Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (Galapagos Islands)
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo courtesy of John S. Garth, Los Angeles, in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son;

13. Bacalao, coffee, sugar, yucca flour, corn and cattle were the most important export products on San Cristóbal. Here, the Manuel J. Cobos is loaded with sacks from the trolleys on the long pier at Wreck Bay.

Description:
Hacienda goods were loaded onto ships via a large 100 m long wooden pier equipped with a rail system, and whose stone base can still be seen at the south end of the bay. Products were moved between the islands and mainland on two boats, the “Manuel J. Cobos” and “Josefina Cobos,” which were often the only available means for communication with the outside world. Bacalao refers to grouper, which was dried and exported to the mainland, especially for religious occasions.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Stores-Retail; Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (Galapagos Islands)
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo courtesy Robert Ødegård, in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son;

14. Great class distinction, racial prejudice, language problems and religious barriers made communication between Norwegians and local residents difficult in San Cristóbal. Upon their arrival in Galápagos, the Norwegian colonists were quite unprepared for these problems.

Description:
Having attempted to establish a Norwegian colony, The colonists were socially ill-prepared for life on the island. "Many of the colonists regarded non-whites as inferior, especially the mestizos (anyone of mixed native American blood) who were in the majority... such an attitude built greater barriers than all the barbed wire stretched across Campo Noruego. Spanish language, primitive schools, an inferior public health care service, Catholic religion—not even a church they considered worthy enough for baptizing a child ." (Hoff 1985)
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Housing; Villages
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo courtesy Robert Ødegård, in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos. Oslo: Grodahl & Son;