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81. Great class distinction, racial prejudice, language problems and religious barriers made communication between Norwegians and local residents difficult in San Cristóbal. Upon their arrival in Galápagos, the Norwegian colonists were quite unprepared for these problems.

Description:
Having attempted to establish a Norwegian colony, The colonists were socially ill-prepared for life on the island. "Many of the colonists regarded non-whites as inferior, especially the mestizos (anyone of mixed native American blood) who were in the majority... such an attitude built greater barriers than all the barbed wire stretched across Campo Noruego. Spanish language, primitive schools, an inferior public health care service, Catholic religion—not even a church they considered worthy enough for baptizing a child ." (Hoff 1985)
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Housing; Villages
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Date searchable:
1927
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo courtesy Robert Ødegård, in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos. Oslo: Grodahl & Son;

82. The Cemetery at Puerto Chico in 1905

Description:
An image of a cemetery on the coast in Puerto Chico was published in Las Islas Encantada o el Archipielago de Colon (Bognoly and Epinoza 1905:129). It is unknown whether this was the Hacienda's principal burial ground. An old cemetery is located near Canon Beach. The modern cemetery is halfway between El Progreso and Puerto Baquerizo-Moreno on the south side of the road.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Cemeteries
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1905
Date searchable:
1905
Date searchable:
1905
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright Undetermined
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Bognoly, J. and Espinosa J. (1905) Las Islas Encantada o el Archipielago de Colon. Comercio:Guayaqil, p.129

83. Karin and Manuel Cobos with two-year old Dagfinn, Wreck Bay, 1932.

Description:
Norwegian colonist Karin Guldberg married Manuel A. Cobos in 1930 and eventually gave birth to six children: Dagfinn, Tony, Sylvia, Liv, Wilfred, and Tito. In the background can be seen the Decauville wagons on their rails along the dock at Wreck Bay.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Transportation
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1932
Date searchable:
1932
Date searchable:
1932
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo by Robert Ødegård in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son; 1927 Campo Noruego;

84. The romantic Karin revealed herself also as a woman with great willpower. In 1945 she was overwhelmed with marital problems, obligations as a mother of six, and financial difficulties. She and Manuel separated. With the help of the children and their father, she established her own cattle ranch. In 1952 she moved into the first “Pampa Mia” near Progreso.

Description:
During World War II, Cobos worked on Base Baltra. Soon after the birth of her sixth child, Karin Guldberg left Cobos and in 1952 moved into her cattle ranch "Pampa Mia." Eventually the ranch was relocated at 500 m, at the time the highest settlement on the island.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands);
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1952
Date searchable:
1952
Date searchable:
1952
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo courtesy of Karin Guldberg in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son; 1927 Campo Noruego;

85. The Hacienda Sugar Mill in 1905

Description:
This image affords a rare view of the entire sugar mill infrastructure shortly after Cobos' death. The view is toward the west from the upper floor of the Hacienda House. The smokestack is barely visible against the horizon toward the middle of the frame. It appears in Las Islas Encantada o el Archipielago de Colon (Bognoly and Epinoza 1905:137).
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Sugar Factories;
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1905
Date searchable:
1905
Date searchable:
1905
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright Undetermined
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Bognoly, J. and Espinosa J. (1905) Las Islas Encantada o el Archipielago de Colon. Comercio:Guayaqil, p.137

86. 1983 was an extremely wet El Niño year, and two years later Galápagos experienced one of the worst droughts in memory. But Snefrid (82) and Karin (77) on “Pampa Mia” hold their own for they know that the pendulum will soon swing back to normal.

Description:
"Pampa Mia is a little concrete house covered with metal roofing sheets. It is divided into a living room, two bedrooms and a kitchen. Around the house hibiscus and bougainvillea are protected from the chickens and cattle by means of a wire fence....in the Spring of 1985 ... the grass on the pampas was withered and brown. Only hardy guava bushes with their green leaves interrupted the monotonous brown. Snefrid did not know how many head of cattle were still alive. They were scattered over a wide area looking for food and water, making accurate counting impossible. Almost every day they found animals that had recently perished. Maybe 800-900 remained. The previous year they had 1600 animals."
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands);
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
1983
Date searchable:
1983
Date searchable:
1983
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Rights:
Copyright
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2019
Commentary:
Photo courtesy of Kristian Hosar in Hoff, S. (1985) Drommen om Galapagos, Oslo: Grodahl & Son; 1927 Campo Noruego;

87. Feral Goats above Hacienda La Tranquila, La Soledad, San Cristóbal, in 2014

Description:
The first known introduction of goats to the islands may have occurred as early as AD 1693. Currently naturalized on three islands and eradicated on another 11, goats are a highly problematic invasive. These feral goats were photographed in 2014 in the highlands above Hacienda La Tranquila, despite declarations that no wild goats were to be found on San Cristóbal.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
Galapagos Islands; San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Introduced Organisms; Pasture Animals; Goats
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Dr. Peter Stahl
Date:
2014
Date searchable:
2014
Date searchable:
2014-6-26
Genre:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic Print; Digital image
Format:
image
Identifier:
IMGP2545
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribtion-NonCommercial
Location(s):
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands
Date Digitized:
2014

88. The Peons Quarters 1919 Repeat Photo (8) 2015

Description:
Historic Photo (p.85 Ralph Stock (1921) Cruise of the Dream Ship London: W. Heinemann) of the worker's village of El Progreso in 1919, with Cerro San Joaquin in the upper left and views of vast pasturage in the background. The Repeat photographs were made in 2015 at the intersection of the main road with the road leading to Loma Consuelo.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Landscapes; Villages; Agricultural lands
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Tanya Taggert-Hodge; Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Date:
2015
Date searchable:
2015
Date searchable:
2015-07-3
Genre:
Photographic print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic print; Digital image
Format:
image
Identifier:
Repeat Photo #1692-1699
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Location(s):
El Progreso, (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands;-0.9073, -89.557917
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso, (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands;-0.9073, -89.557917
Date Digitized:
2015
Commentary:
Repeat Images by Tanya Taggert-Hodge

89. No information 1905 Repeat Photo (7) 2015

Description:
Historic Photo (Rollo Beck G71, Rollo and Ida Beck Collection, Box 40 MSS 036 California Academy of Sciences) of what appears to be the hacienda kitchen in the foreground with the worker's village of El Progreso the background, in 1905. The Repeat photographs were made in 2015 past the intersection and slightly uphill on the road leading to Loma del Consuelo.
Subjects:
Hacienda El Progreso; Manuel J. Cobos
Subjects Facet:
San Cristóbal Island (Galapagos Islands); Landscapes; Villages; Food preparation
Creator:
Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Publisher:
University of Victoria Libraries
Contributors:
Tanya Taggert-Hodge; Dr. Peter W. Stahl
Date:
2015
Date searchable:
2015
Date searchable:
2015-07-3
Genre:
Photographic print; Digital image
Genre Facet:
Photographic print; Digital image
Format:
image
Identifier:
Repeat Photo #1707-1713
Rights:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
Location(s):
El Progreso, (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands;-0.907267, -89.557867
Location(s) Facet:
El Progreso, (Galapagos Islands);Galapagos Islands;-0.907267, -89.557867
Date Digitized:
2015
Commentary:
Repeat Images by Tanya Taggert-Hodge